Effects of E-Cigarettes on Combustible Cigarette Smoking Among Adults with Opioid Use Disorder on Buprenorphine: Single Arm ERASER Pilot Trial.

Introduction: People with opioid use disorder (OUD) on buprenorphine smoke at high rates and have low cessation rates, even with evidence-based medications. Electronic cigarettes (EC) are a promising harm reduction strategy for combusted cigarette (CC) smokers unable to quit. Unfortunately, people with OUD are underrepresented in EC research.

Preliminary Evidence of the Association between Time on Buprenorphine and Cognitive Performance among Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder Maintained on Buprenorphine: A Pilot Study.

People on buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT) commonly present cognitive deficits that have been associated with illicit drug use and dropout from buprenorphine treatment. This study has compared cognitive responses to the Stroop Task and the Continuous Performance Task (CPT) among individuals on BMT, with recent drug use, and healthy controls and explored the associations between cognitive responses and drug use, craving, and buprenorphine use among participants on BMT. The participants were 16 individuals on BMT and 23 healthy controls.

Rationale, design, and methodology of a randomized pilot trial of an integrated intervention combining computerized behavioral therapy and recovery coaching for people with opioid use disorder: The OVERCOME study.

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) has led to a staggering death toll in terms of drug-related overdoses. Despite the demonstrated benefits and effectiveness of buprenorphine, retention is suboptimal, and patients typically present with high rates of ongoing polysubstance use during treatment. A pilot trial provided preliminary support for the efficacy of computer-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT4CBT) as an add-on to buprenorphine in reducing substance use.

Examining the relationship between substance use and exploration-exploitation behavior in young adults.

Substance use is characterized by reward processing dysregulation and cognitive control deficits. One area of research that remains relatively unexplored is the relationship between substance use and exploration-exploitation trade-offs, which involve a continuum from switching (exploration) to perseverative (exploitation). In dynamic, volatile environments, exploitation of well-known options can lead to habit-driven perseveration, and exploration of new opportunities can produce new information that may enhance one's future state.

Effectiveness of peer recovery support services on stages of the opioid use disorder treatment cascade: A systematic review.

Background: Peer recovery support services (PRSS) have been increasingly incorporated during the recovery process for opioid use disorder (OUD), yet little is known about the effects of PRSS on clinical outcomes of individuals who misuse opioids. This study systematically synthesized existing literature reporting the effectiveness of PRSS interventions on stages of the OUD treatment cascade.

Methods: A search conducted on five databases identified studies from database inception to January 26th 2021 that evaluated the effects of PRSS on PRSS engagement, medication for OUD (MOUD) initiation, MOUD retention, opioid and non-opioid misuse, and remission.