Towards the characterization of the hidden world of small proteins in Staphylococcus aureus, a proteogenomics approach.

Small proteins play essential roles in bacterial physiology and virulence, however, automated algorithms for genome annotation are often not yet able to accurately predict the corresponding genes. The accuracy and reliability of genome annotations, particularly for small open reading frames (sORFs), can be significantly improved by integrating protein evidence from experimental approaches. Here we present a highly optimized and flexible bioinformatics workflow for bacterial proteogenomics covering all steps from (i) generation of protein databases, (ii) database searches and (iii) peptide-to-genome mapping to (iv) visualization of results.

Entrepreneurial ecosystems: economic, technological, and societal impacts.

Despite the overwhelming use of the metaphor 'ecosystem' in academia, industry, policy, and management, exact definitions of what 'ecosystems' really comprise are scarce and often inconsistent. Existing vague descriptions in the literature do not consider the boundaries of respective agglomerations, hence, they impede the evaluation of performance and outcome measures of respective ecosystems. This special issue is a first attempt to trace the 'ecosystem' discussion back to its roots-the ancient , coined by the Greek philosopher Hesiod (700 BC), and aims to critically reflect on the usage of the term 'ecosystem', briefly summarize the extant literature and grasp the main features of entrepreneurial ecosystems, namely the economic, technological, and societal dimensions of entrepreneurial ecosystems.

Sporothriolide derivatives as chemotaxonomic markers for .

During the course of a screening for novel anti-infective agents from cultures of tropical Xylariaceae originating from French Guiana and Thailand, pronounced antifungal activity was noted in extracts of cultures of . A bioassay-guided fractionation led to the known metabolite sporothriolide as active principle. In addition, three new derivatives of sporothriolide were isolated, for which we propose the trivial names sporothric acid, isosporothric acid and dihydroisosporothric acid.