Greater Emotional and Psychological Well-being Are Associated With Reduced Employee Self-report Illness-Related Absenteeism: A Multi-Industry, Cross-sectional Study Conducted During COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship that emotional, psychological, and social well-being has with self-reported illness-related absenteeism.

Methods: This study examines the relationship between three dimensions of well-being (emotional, psychological, and social) and self-report illness-related absenteeism among 133 workers spanning multiple industries across 16 different companies. This secondary, cross-sectional data were analyzed using multiple linear regression.

Ecological Momentary Assessment of Midlife Adults' Daily Stress: Protocol for the Stress Reports in Variable Environments (STRIVE) App Study.

Background: Daily stressors are associated with cognitive decline and increased risk of heart disease, depression, and other debilitating chronic illnesses in midlife adults. Daily stressors tend to occur at home or at work and are more frequent in urban versus rural settings. Conversely, spending time in natural environments such as parks or forests, or even viewing nature-themed images in a lab setting, is associated with lower levels of perceived stress and is hypothesized to be a strong stress "buffer," reducing perceived stress even after leaving the natural setting.

Quantifying side effects and caregiver burdens of pediatric pulmonary hypertension therapies.

Background And Objectives: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare, but serious disease among children. However, PH has been primarily evaluated among adults. Consequently, treatment therapies have not been fully evaluated among pediatric populations and are used in an 'off label' manner.

Preventative practices and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregivers of children with pediatric pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious and life-threatening disease characterized by elevated mean arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. COVID-19 may exacerbate PH, as evidenced by higher mortality rates among those with PH. The objective of this study was to understand the unique burdens that the COVID-19 pandemic has placed upon families of children living with PH.

Sleep Disturbances, Obesity, and Cognitive Function in Childhood: A Mediation Analysis.

Background: Childhood cognitive development is influenced by biological and environmental factors. One such factor, obesity, impairs cognitive development and is associated with sleep disturbances.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the mediating role of sleep disturbances on the relation between BMI and cognitive function in children.

Modeling annual elevated blood lead levels among children in Maryland in relation to neighborhood deprivation.

Estimating environmental lead exposure using ecologic risk models is an inexpensive strategy to inform public health departments and to develop location-based intervention strategies such as targeted screening and mitigation. Importantly, studies in this area have not assessed temporal and spatio-temporal lead exposure risk trends. Due to lead abatement efforts and targeted screening efforts, it is anticipated that lead exposure risk has decreased over time.

Secondary School Socioeconomic Status and Athletic Training Practice Characteristics.

Context: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a significant predictor of morbidity and mortality across health outcomes. Limited information exists on how school SES affects athletic training practice when a certified athletic trainer (AT) is present at secondary schools.

Objective: To describe contact frequencies and service rates provided by ATs for injuries among secondary school student-athletes and how these differ by school SES.

Modeling elevated blood lead level risk across the United States.

Lead exposure adversely affects child health and continues to be a major public health concern in the United States (US). Lead exposure risk has been linked with older housing and households in poverty, but more studies of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and lead exposure risk over large and diverse geographic areas are needed. In this paper, we combined lead test result data over many states for a majority of the US ZIP Codes in order to estimate its association with many SES variables and predict lead exposure risk in all populated ZIP Codes in the US.

Correlates of disparities in syringe return ratios: A cross-sectional study of a syringe services program in New York.

Background: Predictors of syringe exchange behavior are critical to informing secondary prevention measures needed to attenuate risk of blood-borne infections among persons who inject drugs (PWID).

Methods: Participants included PWIDs who attended a syringe services program in New York from 2015 to 2017 (n = 1777). We analyzed the syringe return ratio (receipts/returns) with two distinct but related methodological strategies-threshold logistic regression and quantile regression-to identify correlates of disparities in syringe return ratios.

Aggregate-level Lead Exposure and Child Maltreatment.

The purpose of this study was to examine the possible ecological association between aggregate blood lead levels (BLL) and rates of child maltreatment. To this end, we employed an ecologic study design, analyzing results from 59,645 child BLL tests between the years 1996 and 2007, and 6,640 substantiated maltreatment investigations from 2006 to 2016 in a large Midwest city. Separate Bayesian spatial Poisson conditional autoregressive (CAR) and Bayesian spatial zero-inflated Poisson CAR models were used to predict the occurrence of maltreatment.

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering using a miniature dispersive Rowland refocusing spectrometer.

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) beamlines worldwide are steadily increasing their emphasis on full photon-in/photon-out spectroscopies, such as resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES) and high energy resolution fluorescence detection XAS (HERFD-XAS). In such cases, each beamline must match the choice of emission spectrometer to the scientific mission of its users. Previous work has recently reported a miniature tender X-ray spectrometer using a dispersive Rowland refocusing (DRR) geometry that functions with high energy resolution even with a large X-ray spot size on the sample [Holden et al.

Using multilevel regression with poststratification to obtain regional health estimates from a Facebook-recruited sample.

Purpose: We assess the effectiveness of multilevel regression with poststratification (MRP) as a tool to mitigate selection bias from online surveys of small geographical regions.

Methods: We collected self-reported health information from an Internet-based sample of adults residing within the St. Louis, MO, metropolitan area in 2017.

Does exclusion of extreme reporters of energy intake (the "Goldberg cutoffs") reliably reduce or eliminate bias in nutrition studies? Analysis with illustrative associations of energy intake with health outcomes.

Background: The Goldberg cutoffs are used to decrease bias in self-reported estimates of energy intake (EISR). Whether the cutoffs reduce and eliminate bias when used in regressions of health outcomes has not been assessed.

Objective: We examined whether applying the Goldberg cutoffs to data used in nutrition studies could reliably reduce or eliminate bias.

Zika knowledge and prevention practices among U.S. travelers: a large cross-sectional survey study.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate what factors predict knowledge about Zika transmission, symptomology, and treatment among U.S. travelers and, additionally, to evaluate how Zika knowledge influences the adoption of personal protective behaviors.

Discovery of an arsenic and mercury co-elevation in the Midwest United States using reference laboratory data.

This study aimed to determine if there is a co-elevation of human blood arsenic and mercury levels in the Midwestern population of the United States (U.S.) and to determine any geographical patterns and variation of arsenic and mercury that may exist in Michigan.

Bayesian deprivation index models for explaining variation in elevated blood lead levels among children in Maryland.

Lead exposure adversely affects children's health. Exposure in the United States is highest among socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals who disproportionately live in substandard housing. We used Bayesian binomial regression models to estimate a neighborhood deprivation index and its association with elevated blood lead level (EBLL) risk using blood lead level testing data in Maryland census tracts.

Correlates of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Association with HPV-16 and HPV-18 DNA Detection in Young Women.

Despite a reduction in the prevalence of vaccine-preventable types of human papillomavirus (HPV), attributed to increased HPV vaccine uptake, HPV continues to be a major cause of cancer in the United States. We assessed factors associated with self-reported HPV vaccine uptake, HPV vaccination effectiveness, using DNA testing to assess HPV types 16 and/or 18 (HPV 16/18) positivity, and patterns of HPV vaccination in 375 women aged 21-29 years who were eligible to receive catch-up vaccination, using baseline data collected from March 2012 to December 2014 from a randomized controlled trial evaluating a novel approach to cervical cancer screening. More than half ( = 228, 60.

Trends in binge drinking and alcohol abstention among adolescents in the US, 2002-2016.

Background: Binge drinking accounts for several adverse health, social, legal, and academic outcomes among adolescents. Understanding trends and correlates of binge drinking and alcohol abstention has important implications for policy and programs and was the aim of this study. The current study examined trends in adolescent binge drinking and alcohol abstention by age, gender, and race/ethnicity over a 15-year period.

Knowledge and perceptions of Zika virus transmission in the community of Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic.

Background: Zika virus is associated with increased cases of both microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Community knowledge, perceptions and practices to prevent infection with the Zika virus are not well understood, particularly among high risk populations living in resource-poor and Zika-endemic areas. Our objective was to assess knowledge of symptoms, health effects and prevention practices associated with Zika virus in rural communities on the northern coast of the Dominican Republic.

Knowledge of the Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus and Preventive Practices Against Zika Virus Among U.S. Travelers.

Individuals are often at increased risk of acquiring infectious disease while traveling. We sought to understand knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding Zika virus among travelers from the United States. A total of 1043 study participants were recruited from a probability-based internet panel.

Obtaining contextually relevant geographic data using Facebook recruitment in public health studies.

Introduction: Online participant recruitment for public health research studies has increased dramatically in recent years, particularly as traditional recruitment strategies have waned in efficiency. The emergence of e-epidemiology offers possibilities for reaching understudied populations as well as conducting large-scale studies.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey focused on self-reported neighborhood characteristics, perceived stress, and feasibility of obtaining work/residential addresses via online recruitment in St.

Mosquito-borne infectious disease, risk-perceptions, and personal protective behavior among U.S. international travelers.

Vector-borne diseases account for a significant amount of the global infectious disease burden, including morbidity and mortality. In particular, mosquito-borne infectious diseases (MBIDs) have the greatest burden in number of cases, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years and their prevention and control is critical. However, prevention efforts are hindered by the absence of vaccines and failure of long-term mosquito vector control for these MBIDs.

Explaining variation in elevated blood lead levels among children in Minnesota using neighborhood socioeconomic variables.

Background: Childhood lead exposure is linked to numerous adverse health effects and exposure in the United States is highest among people living in substandard housing, which is disproportionately inhabited by socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. In this paper, we compared the Vox lead exposure risk score and concentrated disadvantage based on principal component analysis (PCA) to weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to determine which method was best able to explain variation in elevated blood lead levels (EBLLs).

Methods: We constructed indices for census tracts in Minnesota and used them in Poisson regression models to identify the best socioeconomic measure for explaining EBLL risk.

Intraoperative Acute Respiratory Failure in an Immunocompromised Patient with Human Metapneumovirus.

BACKGROUND Providing anesthesia to immunocompromised patients introduces unique challenges, including difficulty in detecting respiratory infections. Detailed preoperative evaluation and preparation for perioperative complications is crucial. Human metapneumovirus is a common but lesser known respiratory virus that can lead to pneumonia and respiratory compromise and is challenging to detect in the immunocompromised patient.

Abstention from Drug Use and Delinquency Increasing among Youth in the United States, 2002-2014.

Background: Trends in abstaining from substance use and delinquency among adolescent's ages 12-17 in the United States was examined.

Methods: Data was derived from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) involving non-Hispanic white, African American, and Hispanic respondents (n = 98,620) and spanning the years 2002-2014. Logistic regression was used to examine significance of trend year and correlates of low-risk and high-risk behavioral groups relative to abstaining.