In or out of reach? Long-term trends in the reach of health assessments in the Swedish occupational setting.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the reach of a large-scale health assessment delivered by the occupational health service in Sweden for almost 30 years.

Methods: A total of 418 286 individuals who participated in a health assessment (Health Profile Assessment, HPA) between 1995-2021 were included. A comparative sample was obtained from Statistics Sweden, comprising the entire working population for each year (4 962 127-6 011 829 unique individuals per time period).

Moderating effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on sickness absence in occupational groups with different physical workloads.

Sickness absence from work has a large adverse impact on both individuals and societies in Sweden and the costs for sickness absence were calculated to 64.6 billion Swedish kronor (approx. 5.

Explicit and implicit weight bias among health care students: a cross-sectional study of 39 Australian universities.

Background: Weight bias exhibited by health care students may continue into their future practice, compromising the provision of care that people living with overweight or obesity receive. This highlights the need to comprehensively examine the extent to which weight bias is present among health care students and the factors that may be associated with students' weight bias.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Australian university students enrolled in health care courses were invited via social media advertisements, snowball and convenience sampling, and by making direct contact with universities to complete an online survey.

Mediation of lifestyle-associated variables on the association between occupation and incident cardiovascular disease.

The main aim was to examine the association between occupational groups and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to which extent associations are mediated by lifestyle-associated variables (cardiorespiratory fitness, smoking, BMI, exercise, and diet). A total of 304,702 participants (mean age 42.5 yrs.

The social origins of obesity within and across generations.

We propose a model for obesity development that traces a considerable part of its origins to the social domain (mainly different forms of prolonged social adversity), both within and across generations, working in tandem with a genetic predisposition. To facilitate overview of social pathways, we place particular focus on three areas that form a cascading sequence: (A) social adversity within the family (parents having a low education, a low social position, poverty and financial insecurity; offspring being exposed to gestational stress, unmet social and emotional needs, abuse, maltreatment and other negative life events, social deprivation and relationship discord); (B) increasing levels of insecurity, negative emotions, chronic stress, and a disruption of energy homeostasis; and (C) weight gain and obesity, eliciting further social stress and weight stigma in both generations. Social adversity, when combined with genetic predisposition, thereby substantially contributes to highly effective transmission of obesity from parents to offspring, as well as to obesity development within current generations.

The association between childhood trauma and overweight and obesity in young adults: the mediating role of food addiction.

Purpose: Childhood trauma is associated with increased risk of obesity during adulthood, which may be associated with the development of food addiction. This study examined whether food addiction mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and obesity in young adults.

Methods: A sample of 512 young adults, aged 18 to 30 years, living with overweight and obesity (Body Mass Index ≥ 25 kg/m), from the United Kingdom participated in the study.

Combinations of BMI and cardiorespiratory fitness categories: trends between 1995 and 2020 and associations with CVD incidence and mortality and all-cause mortality in 471 216 adults.

Aims: To describe time trends in combinations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) status, and to analyse their associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality and all-cause mortality.

Methods And Results: Prospective cohort study with data from occupational health screenings in Swedish employees, including n = 471 216 (aged 18-74 years) between 1995 and 2020, and n = 169 989 in risk analyses. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated from a submaximal cycle test.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and lifestyle on severe COVID-19 risk in 279,455 adults: a case control study.

Background: The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and other lifestyle-related factors on severe COVID-19 risk is understudied. The present study aims to investigate lifestyle-related and socioeconomic factors as possible predictors of COVID-19, with special focus on CRF, and to further study whether these factors may attenuate obesity- and hypertension-related risks, as well as mediate associations between socioeconomic factors and severe COVID-19 risk.

Methods: Out of initially 407,131 participants who participated in nationwide occupational health service screening between 1992 and 2020, n = 857 cases (70% men, mean age 49.

Change in cardiorespiratory fitness on self-rated health: prospective cohort study in 98 718 Swedish adults.

To study how change in cardiorespiratory fitness over time is associated with the development of poor self-rated health in healthy Swedish adults, and whether this association varies with sex, age, body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline. A secondary aim was to study the influence of other predictors of self-rated health. A total of 98,718 participants (45% women, mean age 42.

IMplementation and evaluation of the school-based family support PRogram a Healthy School Start to promote child health and prevent OVErweight and obesity (IMPROVE) - study protocol for a cluster-randomized trial.

Background: IMPROVE aims to conduct a hybrid type 3 evaluation design to test the effectiveness of bundled implementation strategies on intervention fidelity of the Healthy School Start (HSS) program, while simultaneously monitoring effects on health outcomes of children and parents. The HSS is a 4-component family support program for children starting school (5-7 years of age) promoting healthy dietary habits and physical activity in the home environment to prevent childhood obesity and parents' risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Methods: IMPROVE is a cluster-randomized controlled trial with two arms to evaluate and compare the effects of two different bundles of implementation strategies on intervention fidelity expressed as adherence and responsiveness at 12 and 24 months (primary outcomes).

Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Occupational Groups-Trends over 20 Years and Future Forecasts.

Background: Reports have indicated a negative trend in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the general population. However, trends in relation to different occupational groups are missing. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the trends in CRF during the last 20 years, and to provide a prognosis of future trends in CRF, in different occupational groups of Swedish workers.

Lifestyle Habits and Mental Health in Light of the Two COVID-19 Pandemic Waves in Sweden, 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a public health emergency of international concern, which may have affected lifestyle habits and mental health. Based on national health profile assessments, this study investigated perceived changes of lifestyle habits in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and associations between perceived lifestyle changes and mental health in Swedish working adults. Among 5599 individuals (50% women, 46.

Development of Maximal Dynamic Strength During Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Training in Untrained, Moderately Trained, and Trained Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: The effect of concurrent training on the development of maximal strength is unclear, especially in individuals with different training statuses.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to compare the effect of concurrent resistance and endurance training with that of resistance training only on the development of maximal dynamic strength in untrained, moderately trained, and trained individuals.

Methods: On the basis of the predetermined criteria, 27 studies that compared effects between concurrent and resistance training only on lower-body 1-repetition maximum (1RM) strength were included.

Attitudes and beliefs in Swedish midwives and obstetricians towards obesity and gestational weight management.

Background: Gestational weight interventions are important in maternity care to counteract adverse pregnancy events. However, qualitative findings indicate potential obstacles in the implementation of interventions due to the sensitivity of the subject and existing obesity stigma. Pregnant women have reported disrespectful or unhelpful communication, while some midwives seem to avoid the topic, as not to upset women.

Perceived and Preferred Social Support in Patients Experiencing Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery-a Qualitative Study.

Purpose: While bariatric surgery generally shows successful weight loss outcomes in patients with obesity, weight regain exists. The aim of this qualitative study was to improve understanding of how patients with substantial weight regain after bariatric surgery experienced the support from family, friends, and healthcare providers, and what kind of support they had preferred.

Materials And Methods: Qualitative data were collected from semi-structured interviews with 16 participants.

Lifestyle-associated health risk indicators across a wide range of occupational groups: a cross-sectional analysis in 72,855 workers.

Background: Identify and compare health risk indicators for common chronic diseases between different occupational groups.

Methods: A total of 72,855 participants (41% women) participating in an occupational health service screening in 2014-2019 were included. Occupation was defined by the Swedish Standard Classification of Occupation, and divided into nine major and additionally eight sub-major groups.

Prevalence and time trends of overweight, obesity and severe obesity in 447,925 Swedish adults, 1995-2017.

: The purpose of this research was to describe the current prevalence and historic trends in overweight, obesity and severe obesity in Sweden. : Data on BMI, age, gender, education and geographic region were obtained in =447,925 Swedish adults through a nationwide screening test (1995-2017). To account for sampling variations, we quantified prevalence estimates and time trends using standardized values (direct method) to all 18-74-year-old Swedes, using nationwide databases.

Latent profile analysis patterns of exercise, sitting and fitness in adults - Associations with metabolic risk factors, perceived health, and perceived symptoms.

Aim: To identify and describe the characteristics of naturally occurring patterns of exercise, sitting in leisure time and at work and cardiorespiratory fitness, and the association of such profiles with metabolic risk factors, perceived health, and perceived symptoms.

Methods: 64,970 participants (42% women, 18-75 years) participating in an occupational health service screening in 2014-2018 were included. Exercise and sitting were self-reported.

Self-Reported General Health, Overall and Work-Related Stress, Loneliness, and Sleeping Problems in 335,625 Swedish Adults from 2000 to 2016.

The prevalence of poor health, in particular stress-related mental ill-health, is increasing over time and birth cohorts. As rapid societal changes have occurred in the last decade and still are occurring, there is an interest in investigating the trends in health-related factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate trends in self-reported general health, overall stress, work-related stress, feelings of loneliness, and sleeping problems in 335,625 Swedish adults across categories of gender, geographic regions, length of education, and age from 2000 to 2016.

Active commuting in Swedish workers between 1998 and 2015-Trends, characteristics, and cardiovascular disease risk.

Background: Trend analyses of active commuting and potential variations in trends and association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk within subgroups are unknown.

Objectives: To (a) describe trends in active commuting between 1998 and 2015 and (b) to study the association between different amounts of active commuting and the incidence risk of CVD in a large sample of Swedish workers, and analyses of potential variations across subgroups of socio-demographics, physical activity, and BMI.

Methods: A total of 318 309 participants (47% women, 18-74 years) who participated in a nationwide occupational health service screening between 1998 and 2015 were included.

"…or else I close my ears" How women with obesity want to be approached and treated regarding gestational weight management: A qualitative interview study.

Introduction: The importance of helping pregnant women maintain a healthy lifestyle and prevent excessive gestational weight gain is well recognized, but pregnant women do not always perceive communication about body weight as respectful or helpful. Furthermore, fear of inducing shame or guilt can prohibit some midwives from talking about body weight, especially if the woman has obesity. We aimed to explore what women of reproductive age with obesity regard to be the most important and relevant aspects when discussing gestational weight management.

Sex- and age-specific associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality in 266.109 adults.

The aim was to investigate sex- and age-specific associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity. 266.109 participants (47% women, 18-74 years) free from CVD, participating in occupational health service screenings in 1995-2015 were included.

Health-Related Quality of Life 5 Years After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Young (18-25 Years) Versus Older (≥ 26 Years) Adults: a Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry Study.

Background: To compare changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in young (18-25 years) versus older (≥ 26 years) adults up to 5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Methods: Data on Short Form-36 (SF-36) and obesity-related problems scale (OP) at baseline and 1, 2, and 5 years after RYGB were extracted from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry. Within-group changes and the effect of age group on 5-year changes in SF-36 and OP were analyzed.