Clinical and paraclinical profile of neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder in a peruvian cohort.

Background: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder of the Central Nervous System that typically involves the spinal cord and the optic nerves. Recently, the clinical and radiological spectrum of NMOSD has been increasing in Latin America. In Peru, there have only been a few clinical reports on NMOSD published.

Knowledge and Attitudes for the Management of Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia.

The diagnosis of the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) can be especially challenging and is relatively underdiagnosed. There is scarce information on training and attitudes from care providers facing bvFTD in settings with limited resources. We aim to describe clinical knowledge and attitudes facing bvFTD from neurologists, psychiatrists, and residents in Peru.

Brainstem syndrome at onset is related to an early MS diagnosis in Peru: A national referral center cohort.

Background: MS is unpredictable regarding clinical symptoms; however, certain symptoms represent the preferred localization of white matter lesions such as brainstem, spinal cord; or optic nerve.

Objectives: To investigate the epidemiological, clinical, and imaging characteristics of MS patients in a national referral center in Peru, and to evaluate whether the type of symptom at onset relates with the time to making an MS diagnosis.

Methods: Retrospective study of MS patients at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas between January 2010 and December 2018.

Autoimmune neurology: Co-occurrence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and anti-MOG associated disease, report of a case.

We report the case of a patient with symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and anti-MOG associated disease simultaneously, in whom the identification of antibodies guided to a more aggressive treatment strategy, resulting in a good clinical outcome. MRI is an important tool to diagnose this kind of patients. The co-occurrence of both diseases in infrequent, but atypical symptoms should increase our awareness of the possibility of an overlap syndrome.

Clinical characteristics and plasma exchange response in Guillain-Barré patients.

The objective of the study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment response and possible associated factors of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome at the National Institute of Neurological Sciences. A descriptive study on hospital discharges was conducted during the period 2017-2019. Treatment response was evaluated based on Hughes' disability scale.

Neuromyelitis optica in patients with myasthenia gravis: Two case-reports.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are disorders that affect the central nervous system and the neuromuscular junction respectively. Although both conditions are rare, reports of the coexistence of these two pathologies are increasing worldwide. Rarely, patients with MG develop aggressive forms of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) after thymectomy.

Spinal Taenia solium cysticercosis in Mexican and Indian patients: a comparison of 30-year experience in two neurological referral centers and review of literature.

Objective: To present a retrospective study from patients with spinal cysticercosis (SC), diagnosed within the last 30 years in Mexican and Indian neurological referral centers.

Methods: This is a retrospective and comparative study of the clinical and radiological profile between Mexican and Indian patients with spinal neurocysticercosis during a 30-year period and a review of the literature during the same period.

Results: Twenty-seven SC patients were included: 19 from Mexico and 8 from India.

Cost-of-illness study in a retrospective cohort of patients with dementia in Lima, Peru.

Unlabelled: Dementia is a major cause of dependency and disability among older persons, and imposes huge economic burdens. Only a few cost-of-illness studies for dementia have been carried out in middle and low-income countries.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze costs of dementia in demented patients of a private clinic in Lima, Peru.

The Memory Alteration Test Discriminates between Cognitively Healthy Status, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.

Background/aims: Dementia is a worldwide public health problem and there are several diagnostic tools for its assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Memory Alteration Test (M@T) to discriminate between patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI), and subjects with a cognitively healthy status (CHS).

Methods: The discriminative validity was assessed in a sample of 90 patients with AD, 45 patients with a-MCI, and 180 subjects with CHS.

Informal caregiver burden in middle-income countries: Results from Memory Centers in Lima - Peru.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate caregiver burden based on Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and depression in caregivers on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).

Methods: Literate individuals, 18 years or older, who spoke Spanish as their native language were included. Demographic characteristics: Age, sex, education, relationship to person with dementia, length of time caregiving, other sources of help for caring, impact on the household economy, family support, and perception of impaired health; and Clinical data on care-recipients: type of dementia, time since diagnosis, treatment, and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS); the ZBI and BDI-II.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage in neurocysticercosis: a direct or serendipitous association?

Introduction: The cerebrovascular complications in neurocysticercosis (NC) are uncommon. However, their pathophysiology remains unknown, but may be likely related to chronic inflammatory processes in the subarachnoid space (basal meningitis). Alterations of inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid and sera correlate with vasospasm in SAH; these inflammatory mediators in NC may induce aneurysm formation.

Central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in AIDS: experience of a Mexican neurological centre.

Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) restores the inflammatory immune response in AIDS patients and it may unmask previous subclinical infections or paradoxically exacerbate symptoms of opportunistic infections. Up to 25% of patients receiving HAART develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We describe six patients with IRIS central nervous system (CNSIRIS) manifestations emphasizing the relevance of CSF cultures and neuroimaging in early diagnosis and management.

Tuberculous brain abscesses in immunocompetent patients: management and outcome.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem in developing countries.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical presentation, management, and long-term outcome in 6 patients with tuberculous brain abscesses (TBA), an uncommon form of central nervous system (CNS) TB.

Methods: A search of medical records of a single referral neurological center in Mexico City from 2002 to 2007 retrieved 149 patients with CNS TB; 6 of them (4%) met Whitener's criteria for TBA and were included in this review.