Untangling the role of environmental and host-related determinants for on-farm transmission of verotoxin-producing O157.

Cattle colonised by the zoonotic pathogen verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli of serotype O157 (VTEC O157) can shed high levels of the pathogen in their faeces. A suggested key for controlling VTEC O157 is preventing colonisation of individuals. In this study the role of individual super-shedders and factors related to susceptibility and environmental exposure in the transmission of VTEC O157 among dairy calves are explored.

User involvement and value co-creation in well-being ecosystems.

Purpose: This article aims to examine how users' involvement in value co-creation influences the development and orchestration of well-being ecosystems to help tackle complex societal challenges. This research contributes to the public management literature and answers recent calls to investigate novel public service governances by discussing users' involvement and value co-creation for novel well-being solutions.

Design/methodology/approach: The authors empirically explore this phenomenon through a case study of a complex ecosystem addressing increased well-being, focussing on the formative evaluation stage of a longitudinal evaluation of Sweden's first support centre for people affected by cancer.

A Market of Lived Experience-User Involvement and the Commodification of Personal Experiences of Mental Illness.

Working actively to engage service users in participatory practices is both a policy expectation and a moral imperative for mental health social workers in contemporary Western mental health care. Recent research suggests that such practices of service user involvement are becoming increasingly individualised and driven by market logic. Based on an ethnographic study within a Swedish public psychiatric organisation, this article applies the concept of commodification to examine this trend.

Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) and atypical enteropathogenic (aEPEC) in Swedish retail wheat flour.

Wheat flour has been identified as the source of multiple outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease caused by shiga toxin-producing (STEC). We have investigated the presence and genomic characteristics of STEC and related atypical enteropathogenic (aEPEC) in 200 bags of Swedish-produced retail wheat flour, representing 87 products and 25 brands. Samples were enriched in modified tryptone soya broth (mTSB) and screened with real-time PCR targeting , and , and the serogroups O157, O121 and O26.

Perceived Housing in Relation to Retirement and Relocation: A Qualitative Interview Study among Older Adults.

As people age the home environment becomes increasingly important. Retirement commonly leads to spending more time in one's home, and relocating from your own home in older age could be associated with reduced health or wellbeing. The relationship between home and person is complex and perceived aspects of one's housing such as social, emotional and cognitive ties are considered important factors for health and wellbeing.

Exploring the meaning, role and experiences of a patient-led social innovation for people affected by cancer: a new collaborative care model complementing traditional cancer rehabilitation in Sweden.

Objective: Kraftens Hus is the first support centre in Sweden designed by and for people affected by cancer, including patients, family, friends, staff members and local community representatives (collectively 'stakeholders'). The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning, role and experiences of Kraftens Hus stakeholders using a patient and public involved methodology.

Methods: To understand and map the experiences of visitors to Kraftens Hus, we applied concept mapping (CM), a mixed methods approach where data are collected and analysed in four structured steps designed to capture the diverse perspectives of multiple stakeholders.

Exploring power shifts as an enabler for a strengthened patient role in quality improvements: a Swedish survey study.

Objectives: This study examined the relationship between professionals' perceptions of a strengthened role for the patient and of patient involvement in quality improvement (QI) and whether professionals' experiences in improvement science were a moderator on such a relationship.

Design: From a predominantly close-ended, 44-item questionnaire, 4 questions specifically concerning professionals' perception on patient involvement in QI were analysed.

Setting: Three Swedish regions.

Discrimination against the elderly in health-care services: a systematic review.

Ageism in health-care services is a cardinal public health concern in geriatric health. It is important to know the types and extent of discrimination experienced by elderly individuals while seeking health care. This systematic review aimed to explore the available research to identify discrimination of elderly individuals in health-care services.

Microbiota of semen from stallions in Sweden identified by MALDI-TOF.

Stallion semen is known to contain environmental bacteria and normal commensals, and in some cases may contain opportunistic pathogens. These bacteria may negatively influence sperm quality during storage before artificial insemination. The bacteria isolated depend on the culture conditions and method of identification; therefore, the aim of this study was to identify as many of the bacteria present in stallion semen as possible by culturing aliquots of semen under a variety of conditions.

Socially engaged calves are more likely to be colonised by VTEC O157:H7 than individuals showing signs of poor welfare.

In cattle herds, the transmission and persistence of VTEC O157:H7 (a serotype of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli - known for its life threatening complications in humans) is dependent on a small proportion of cattle who become colonised and shed high numbers of the bacteria. Reducing the proportion of these animals is considered key for decreasing the prevalence of VTEC O157:H7. In this study, observations of calf behaviour and animal-based welfare indicators were used to explore individual risk factors and underlying drivers of colonisation in Swedish dairy calves.

Risk factors and dynamics of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cattle farms: An observational study combining information from questionnaires, spatial data and molecular analyses.

The increasing number of human cases infected with a highly virulent type of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157:H7 in Sweden is the result of domestic transmission originating in regional clusters of infected cattle farms. To control the spread of the bacteria a comprehensive picture of infection dynamics, routes of transmission between farms and risk factors for persistence is urgently needed. The aim of the study was to investigate different aspects of the epidemiology of VTEC O157:H7 on the Swedish island of Öland by combining information from environmental sampling of VTEC O157:H7 from 80 farms with information from farmer questionnaires, spatial and molecular analyses.

Bacteria detected in the genital tract, semen or pre-ejaculatory fluid of Swedish stallions from 2007 to 2017.

Background: Although artificial insemination (AI) was developed as a means of controlling disease transmission, pathogens can still be transmitted to females in semen used for AI. In addition, bacteria can cause deterioration in sperm quality during storage. Semen becomes contaminated by the male's normal bacterial flora as it passes out of the reproductive tract but potential pathogens may also contaminate the semen.

Participation in a Swedish cervical cancer screening program among women with psychiatric diagnoses: a population-based cohort study.

Background: In Sweden, organized screening programs have significantly reduced the incidence of cervical cancer. For cancers overall, however, women with psychiatric diagnoses have lower survival rates than other women. This study explores whether women with psychiatric diagnoses participate in cervical cancer screening programs to a lesser extent than women on average, and whether there are disparities between psychiatric diagnostic groups based on grades of severity.

From one-sized to over-individualized? Service logic's value creation.

Purpose There is a current trend in healthcare management away from produced and standardized one-size-fits-all processes toward co-created and individualized services. The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of the value concept in healthcare organization and management by recognizing different levels of value (private, group and public) and the interconnectedness among these levels. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses social constructionism as a lens to problematize the individualization of service logic's value concept.

"Brave Men" and "Emotional Women": A Theory-Guided Literature Review on Gender Bias in Health Care and Gendered Norms towards Patients with Chronic Pain.

Background: Despite the large body of research on sex differences in pain, there is a lack of knowledge about the influence of gender in the patient-provider encounter. The purpose of this study was to review literature on gendered norms about men and women with pain and gender bias in the treatment of pain. The second aim was to analyze the results guided by the theoretical concepts of hegemonic masculinity and andronormativity.

Exploring complaints by female and male patients at Swedish hospitals using a probabilistic graphical model.

Background: Patients' complaints have been highlighted as important for constructively improving healthcare services. In so doing, it may be important to identify disparities in experiences based on patients' demographics, such as sex.

Aim: To explore hospital recorded complaints addressing potential sex differences and whether complaints were reported by the patient or a relative.

Effect of on-farm interventions in the aftermath of an outbreak of hypervirulent verocytotoxin-producing O157:H7 in Sweden.

In 2007, human infections with a hypervirulent strain of verocytotoxin-producing O157:H7 increased in Sweden and especially in the Halland County. A connection between the cases and a local beef cattle farm with an on-farm abattoir and meat processing plant was established. In this observational study the control measures implemented on the infected farm and the dynamics of infection in the herd are described.

Dynamics of insertion sequence element IS629 inactivation of verotoxin 2 genes in Escherichia coli O157:H7.

There are several anecdotal reports of insertion sequence (IS) element inactivation of verotoxin genes among enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli of the serotype O157:H7, a pathogen causing severe gastrointestinal disease in infected humans. These insertions can be expected to drastically reduce the virulence of the bacteria. IS element inactivation has been shown to be reversible in model systems, suggesting the possibility of spontaneous restoration of virulence.

When they talk about motherhood: a qualitative study of three groups' perceptions in a Swedish child health service context.

Background: In light of the growing emphasis on individualization in healthcare, it is vital to take the diversity of inhabitants and users into consideration. Thus, identifying shared perceptions among group members may be important in improving healthcare that is relevant to the particular group, but also perceptions of the staff with whom interactions take place. This study investigates how motherhood is perceived among three groups: Somali-born mothers; Swedish-born mothers; and nurses at Swedish child health centers.

Genomic comparison of Escherichia coli serotype O103:H2 isolates with and without verotoxin genes: implications for risk assessment of strains commonly found in ruminant reservoirs.

Introduction: Escherichia coli O103:H2 occurs as verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) carrying only vtx 1 or vtx 2 or both variants, but also as vtx-negative atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC).

Longitudinal observational study over 38 months of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 status in 126 cattle herds.

Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (VTEC O157:H7) is an important zoonotic pathogen capable of causing infections in humans, sometimes with severe symptoms such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). It has been reported that a subgroup of VTEC O157:H7, referred to as clade 8, is overrepresented among HUS cases. Cattle are considered to be the main reservoir of VTEC O157:H7 and infected animals shed the bacteria in feces without showing clinical signs of disease.

Changes in the risk management of Salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae serovar 61:(k):1, 5, (7) in Swedish sheep herds and sheep meat due to the results of a prevalence study 2012.

Background: The prevalence of Salmonella in food producing animals is very low in Sweden due to rigorous control programmes. However, no active surveillance is in place in sheep. The authorities decided to perform a prevalence study in sheep herds because findings at slaughter indicated that sheep associated S.

Non-Fermi-liquid manifold in a Majorana device.

We propose and study a setup realizing a stable manifold of non-Fermi-liquid states. The device consists of a mesoscopic superconducting island hosting N≥3 Majorana bound states tunnel coupled to normal leads, with a Josephson contact to a bulk superconductor. We find a nontrivial interplay between multichannel Kondo and resonant Andreev reflection processes, which results in the fixed point manifold.

[The effect of antidepressants and sedatives on the efficacy of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy in groups in primary care].

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and SSRI/SNRI antidepressants have proven to be effective treatments for anxiety and depression. The gain from combined CBT and antidepressant therapy has in some studies been greater than from monotherapy. Benzodiazepines may interfere with the efficacy of individual CBT-treatment.