Identifying nitrogen sources to thermal tide pools in Kapoho, Hawai'i, U.S.A, using a multi-stable isotope approach.

Nitrogen (N) enrichment often results in coastal eutrophication, even in remote areas like Hawai'i. Therefore, determining N sources to coastal waters is important for their management. This study identified N sources to tide pools in Kapoho, Hawai'i, and determined their relative importance using three stable isotopes (δ(15)N, δ(18)O, δ(11)B).

Enhanced T-cell-independent antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide combined with anti-CD40 mAb and CpG in mice.

We have earlier demonstrated T-cell-independent antitumor effects of a combination of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) which involved macrophages. As some immunotherapeutic treatments can be potentiated by chemotherapy, we tested if cyclophosphamide (CY) would enhance the antitumor effect of anti-CD40 mAb+CpG. Treatment of B16 melanoma-bearing mice with CY and anti-CD40 mAb+CpG resulted in a significant reduction in tumor growth in immunocompetent mice compared with either CY alone or anti-CD40 mAb with CpG.

Radiofrequency ablation combined with KS-IL2 immunocytokine (EMD 273066) results in an enhanced antitumor effect against murine colon adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a common treatment modality for surgically unresectable tumors. However, there is a high rate of both local and systemic recurrence.

Experimental Design: In this preclinical study, we sought to enhance the antitumor effect of RFA by combining it with huKS-IL2 immunocytokine [tumor-specific monoclonal antibody fused to interleukin-2 (IL2)] in mice bearing CT26-KS colon adenocarcinoma.

Intratumoral immunocytokine treatment results in enhanced antitumor effects.

Immunocytokines (IC), consisting of tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies fused to the immunostimulatory cytokine interleukin 2 (IL2), exert significant antitumor effects in several murine tumor models. We investigated whether intratumoral (IT) administration of IC provided enhanced antitumor effects against subcutaneous tumors. Three unique ICs (huKS-IL2, hu14.

A 30-year analysis of colorectal adenocarcinoma in transplant recipients and proposal for altered screening.

Purpose: The risk of malignancy after solid-organ transplantation is well documented. However, the incidence and specific risk for colorectal adenocarcinoma, although previously proposed, has been difficult to calculate. We reviewed the University of Wisconsin transplant database for all cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma to assess the risk of this malignancy, as well as the need for improved screening in this population.