Environmental DNA (eDNA) removal rates in streams differ by particle size under varying substrate and light conditions.

The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) as a sampling tool offers insights into the detection of invasive and/or rare aquatic species and enables biodiversity assessment without traditional sampling approaches, which are often labor-intensive. However, our understanding of the environmental factors that impact eDNA removal (i.e.

Glutathione affinity chromatography for the scalable purification of an oncolytic virus immunotherapy from microcarrier cell culture.

Therapeutic viral vectors are an emerging technology with several clinical applications in gene therapy, vaccines, and immunotherapy. Increased demand has required the redevelopment of conventional, low-throughput cell culture and purification manufacturing methods such as static cell stacks and ultracentrifugation. In this work, scalable methods were investigated for the manufacture of an oncolytic virus immunotherapy application consisting of a prototype strain of coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) produced in adherent MRC-5 cells.

Anterior Versus Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Perioperative Risk Factors and 30-Day Outcomes.

Background: Operative management of lower back pain often necessitates anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Specific pathoanatomic advantages and indications exist for both approaches, and few studies to date have characterized comparative early outcomes.

Methods: Adult patients undergoing elective ALIF or TLIF operations were abstracted from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) years 2011-2014.

A First-in-Human, Phase I Study of Neural Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.

We tested the feasibility and safety of human-spinal-cord-derived neural stem cell (NSI-566) transplantation for the treatment of chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). In this clinical trial, four subjects with T2-T12 SCI received treatment consisting of removal of spinal instrumentation, laminectomy, and durotomy, followed by six midline bilateral stereotactic injections of NSI-566 cells. All subjects tolerated the procedure well and there have been no serious adverse events to date (18-27 months post-grafting).

Subpial Adeno-associated Virus 9 (AAV9) Vector Delivery in Adult Mice.

The successful development of a subpial adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector delivery technique in adult rats and pigs has been reported on previously. Using subpially-placed polyethylene catheters (PE-10 or PE-5) for AAV9 delivery, potent transgene expression through the spinal parenchyma (white and gray matter) in subpially-injected spinal segments has been demonstrated. Because of the wide range of transgenic mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases, there is a strong desire for the development of a potent central nervous system (CNS)-targeted vector delivery technique in adult mice.

A matched cohort comparison of cervical disc arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: Evaluating perioperative outcomes.

Objective: Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) is a recent alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in patients suffering cervical disc herniation and degeneration. To date, a systematic analysis of their comparative advantages and risks following elective surgery remains elusive.

Methods: Adult patients undergoing elective CDA or ACDF were extracted from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database years 2011-2014.

Lateral mass screw stimulation thresholds in posterior cervical instrumentation surgery: a predictor of medial deviation.

OBJECTIVE Normative data exists for stimulus-evoked pedicle screw electromyography (EMG) current thresholds in the lumbar spine, and is routinely referenced during spine surgeries to detect a screw breach, prevent injury of neural elements, and ensure the most biomechanically sound instrumentation construct. To date, similar normative data for cervical lateral mass screws is limited, thus the utility of lateral mass screw testing remains unclear. To address this disparity, in this study the authors describe cumulative lateral mass screw stimulation threshold data in patients undergoing posterior cervical instrumentation with lateral mass screws.

Elective laminectomy and excision of the thoracic spine neoplasm: an evaluation of early outcomes.

Background: Laminectomy with excision of spinal neoplasms is commonly performed. The current study examines risk profiles associated with elective laminectomies of benign, malignant primary, and secondary/metastatic neoplasms of the thoracic spine.

Methods: Adult patients undergoing elective thoracic laminectomy and excision of spinal neoplasm were abstracted from ACS-NSQIP years 2011-2014.

A Review of Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: Large Animal Models and the Frontier in Humans.

Objective: To review the literature of spinal cord injury and stem cell therapy for large animal models and incorporate those results into an understanding of stem cell therapy for human cord injury.

Methods: Review of the literature.

Results: Eleven canine studies were identified and 3 sub-human primate studies were identified showing variable results.

Potent spinal parenchymal AAV9-mediated gene delivery by subpial injection in adult rats and pigs.

Effective in vivo use of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors to achieve gene-specific silencing or upregulation in the central nervous system has been limited by the inability to provide more than limited deep parenchymal expression in adult animals using delivery routes with the most clinical relevance (intravenous or intrathecal). Here, we demonstrate that the spinal pia membrane represents the primary barrier limiting effective AAV9 penetration into the spinal parenchyma after intrathecal AAV9 delivery. We develop a novel subpial AAV9 delivery technique and AAV9-dextran formulation.

Traumatic L5 Posterolateral Spondyloptosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Traumatic retrolisthesis of the lumbar spine is a rare clinical entity. Only a few case reports have shown retrolisthesis of the fractured fragment over the inferior vertebral body. Fracture dislocations of the spine are unstable injuries that require operative fixation to restore alignment and prevent progressive deformity.

Nonextraction treatment of a Class II malocclusion and impacted maxillary central incisor.

The multidisciplinary treatment of a patient with a Class II malocclusion and an impacted maxillary central incisor is presented. Nonextraction correction of the distoclusion was achieved through mandibular growth and protraction of the mandibular first molars. Closed-eruption surgical exposure of the incisor, combined with soft-tissue revision posteruption, resulted in significantly improved facial esthetics.

Tensile bond strength of acrylic resin denture teeth to a microwave- or heat-processed denture base.

Statement Of Problem: Fracture of acrylic resin prosthetic teeth from acrylic resin denture bases can be a problem for some patients. The optimal combination of acrylic resin denture tooth, denture base material, and processing method is not known. Purpose.