Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of mandibular osteoradionecrosis: Combined data from the two randomized clinical trials DAHANCA-21 and NWHHT2009-1.

Purpose: Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is a serious complication of head and neck radiotherapy. This study aims to investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on ORN in two randomized, controlled multicentre trials.

Methods And Materials: Patients with ORN with indication for surgical treatment were randomised to either group 1: surgical removal of necrotic mandibular bone supplemented by 30 pre- and 10 postoperative HBO exposures at 243 kPa for 90 min each, or group 2: surgical removal of necrotic bone only.

Only minor stem cell mobilization in head and neck irradiated patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen.

Introduction: Hyperbaric oxygen, (HBO) is used to treat several conditions including late radiation tissue injury. Previous studies have suggested that HBO mobilizes bone marrow derived stem/progenitor cells (SPC) to the peripheral blood, however possible cumulative effects were highly variable.

Methods: We have investigated a possible HBO-induced mobilization of SPCs by determining CD34+CD45dim cell numbers, as well as SPCs in general.

Quantitative Romberg's test in acute carbon monoxide poisoning treated by hyperbaric oxygen.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether monitoring of acute carbon monoxide-poisoned (COP) patients by means of quantitative Romberg's test (QR-test) during a hyperbaric oxygen (HBO₂) therapy regimen could be a useful supplement in the evaluation of neurological status.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study (2000-2014) in which we evaluated data containing quantitative sway measurements of acute COP patients (n = 58) treated in an HBO₂ regimen. Each patient was tested using QR-test before and after each HBO₂ treatment.

Survey of referral patterns and attitudes toward hyperbaric oxygen treatment among Danish oncologists, ear, nose and throat surgeons and oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

In head and neck cancer patients with late radiation injury, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is used for therapeutic or prophylactic reasons against soft-tissue and osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Twenty-nine departments of oncology, ENT, oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgery were surveyed using the Enalyzer tool (www.enalyzer.

Cerebral proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrates reversibility of N-acetylaspartate/creatine in gray matter after delayed encephalopathy due to carbon monoxide intoxication: a case report.

Introduction: Predictive markers for long-term outcome in carbon monoxide-intoxicated patients with late encephalopathy are desired. Here we present the first data demonstrating a full reversibility pattern of specific brain substances measured by cerebral proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a carbon monoxide-intoxicated victim. This may provide clinicians with important information when estimating patient outcome.

Patient's perspective on hyperbaric oxygen treatment of osteoradionecrosis.

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a known complication to radiation therapy for head and neck cancer with a prevalence of 5-7% among radiated patients. Treatment might include dental surgery and reconstruction of the jawbone as well as hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT). HBOT takes place in a closed compartment where patients are breathing 100% oxygen under pressure for 90 minutes once a day every weekday for 6 weeks.

Chamber personnel's use of Nitrox 50 during hyperbaric oxygen treatment: a quality study--research report.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of using Nitrox 50 as breathing gas during attendance in a multiplace hyperbaric chamber.

Methods: Paper logs between Jan.-Dec.

Monitoring cardiac output during hyperbaric oxygen treatment of haemodynamically unstable patients.

Introduction: Patients suffering from necrotizing fasciitis (NF) are often haemodynamically unstable and require extended monitoring of cardiovascular parameters; yet this is limited during hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT). We aimed to evaluate the use and safety of transoesophageal Doppler (TED) monitoring of cardiac output (CO) under hyperbaric conditions in haemodynamically unstable patients diagnosed with NF and sepsis or septic shock.

Methods: Cardiac output was measured prior to, during and after HBOT with the use of TED in seven consecutive patients diagnosed with NF and sepsis or septic shock.

Does hyperbaric oxygen treatment have the potential to increase salivary flow rate and reduce xerostomia in previously irradiated head and neck cancer patients? A pilot study.

Irradiated head and neck cancer survivors treated in the Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, spontaneously reported improvement of radiation-induced dry mouth feeling. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate salivary flow rate and xerostomia before and after HBO in irradiated head and neck cancer patients. Eighty patients eligible for HBO treatment on the indication of prevention/treatment of osteoradionecrosis or soft tissue radiation injury were consecutively sampled, of whom 45 had hyposalivation (i.

Cyanide intoxication as part of smoke inhalation--a review on diagnosis and treatment from the emergency perspective.

This paper reviews the current literature on smoke inhalation injuries with special attention to the effects of hydrogen cyanide. It is assumed that cyanide poisoning is still an overlooked diagnosis in fire victims. Treatment against cyanide poisoning in the emergency setting should be given based on the clinical diagnosis only.

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on whole blood cyanide concentrations in carbon monoxide intoxicated patients from fire accidents.

Background: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and carbon monoxide (CO) may be important components of smoke from fire accidents. Accordingly, patients admitted to hospital from fire accidents may have been exposed to both HCN and CO. Cyanide (CN) intoxication results in cytotoxic hypoxia leading to organ dysfunction and possibly death.

[Necrotizing fasciitis].

Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an acute soft-tissue infection, associated with a high mortality and morbidity. To reduce the mortality, an early diagnosis and treatment is essential. Our study aims to identify the number of patients, the microorganisms involved, and NF treatment outcomes among patients admitted to our unit.

Delayed response of the retina after hyperbaric oxygen exposure.

Purpose: To examine retinal electrophysiological function and retinal thickness in healthy eyes before and after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure.

Methods: The healthy eye in each of six subjects who underwent experimental HBO treatment for branch retinal vein occlusion in the fellow eye was examined using multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and following a course of five consecutive daily sessions of exposure to HBO at 2.4 atmospheres of absolute pressure lasting 90 min each.

1H MR spectroscopy of gray and white matter in carbon monoxide poisoning.

Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication leads to acute and chronic neurological deficits, but little is known about the specific noxious mechanisms. (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) may allow insight into the pathophysiology of CO poisoning by monitoring neurochemical disturbances, yet only limited information is available to date on the use of this protocol in determining the neurological effects of CO poisoning. To further examine the short-term and long-term effects of CO on the central nervous system, we have studied seven patients with CO poisoning assessed by gray and white matter MRS, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological testing.

Pressure-equalizing earplugs do not prevent barotrauma on descent from 8000 ft cabin altitude.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pressure-equalizing earplugs available in major airports and drugstores. No previous study has focused on preventing barotrauma using these earplugs.

Methods: Blinded and double-blinded, one type of pressure-equalizing earplugs (JetEars) was studied in 27 volunteers disposed to ear barotrauma.

Hyperbaric oxygen and radiotherapy.

Background: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is the inhalation of 100% oxygen at a pressure of at least 1.5 atmospheres absolute (150 kPa). It uses oxygen as a drug by dissolving it in the plasma and delivering it to the tissues independent of hemoglobin.

Refractive change during hyperbaric oxygen therapy. A clinical trial including ultrasound oculometry.

Purpose: To record changes in refraction and refractive parameters associated with a standard hyperbaric oxygen treatment protocol consisting of a 95 min session at > 95% oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres (ATA) given daily Monday to Friday, to a total of 30 sessions.

Patients And Methods: Seventeen of the 26 patients included were able to attend for ophthalmic assessment at time zero (to) and after 20 treatments (t20).