Validation of the hotspot for dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus targeting in deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson's disease: a post hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Visualisation of the dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) remains challenging on 1.5 and 3Tesla T2-weighted MRI. Our previously defined hotspot, relative to the well-visualised medial STN border, serves as an MRI landmark for dorsolateral STN identification in deep brain stimulation (DBS).

The Medial Subthalamic Nucleus Border as a New Anatomical Reference in Stereotactic Neurosurgery for Parkinson's Disease.

Introduction: The intersection of Bejjani's line with the well-delineated medial subthalamic nucleus (STN) border on MRI has recently been proposed as an individualized reference in subthalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for Parkinson's disease (PD). We, therefore, aimed to investigate the applicability across centers of the medial STN border as a patient-specific reference point in STN DBS for PD and explore anatomical variability between left and right mesencephalic area within patients. Furthermore, we aim to evaluate a recently defined theoretic stimulation "hotspot" in a different center.

Kinesthetic Cells within the Subthalamic Nucleus and Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease.

Objective: We sought to determine the location of kinesthetic cell clusters within the subthalamic nucleus (STN) on magnetic resonance imaging, adjusted for interindividual anatomic variability by employing the medial STN border as a reference point.

Methods: We retrospectively localized microelectrode recording-defined kinesthetic cells on 3-Tesla T2-weighted and susceptibility-weighted images in patients who underwent STN deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease and averaged the stereotactic coordinates. These locations were calculated relative to the nonindividualized midcommissural point (MCP) and, in order to account for interindividual anatomic variability, also calculated relative to the patient-specific intersection of Bejjani line with the medial STN border.

Operative Technique and Workflow of Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery With Pre-existing Cochlear Implants.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery in patients with pre-existing cochlear implants (CIs) poses various challenges. We previously reported successful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based, microelectrode recording (MER)-guided subthalamic DBS surgery in a patient with a pre-existing CI. Other case reports have described various DBS procedures in patients with pre-existing CIs using different techniques, leading to varying issues to address.