Synergistic Effect of Inflammatory Cytokines and Body Adiposity on Insulin Resistance and Endothelial Markers in Patients With Stages 3-5 Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: High body adiposity, inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance (IR), and the endothelial markers-soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)-are among cardiovascular risk factors observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Synergistic interaction of inflammatory cytokines with adiposity on IR, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 has not been reported in nondialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) patients. Thus the study aim was to evaluate the interaction of inflammatory cytokines on the association of body adiposity with the cardiometabolic risk factors-IR, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1-in NDD-CKD patients.