Cumulative dietary exposure to a selected group of pesticides of the triazole group in different European countries according to the EFSA guidance on probabilistic modelling.

The practicality was examined of performing a cumulative dietary exposure assessment according to the requirements of the EFSA guidance on probabilistic modelling. For this the acute and chronic cumulative exposure to triazole pesticides was estimated using national food consumption and monitoring data of eight European countries. Both the acute and chronic cumulative dietary exposures were calculated according to two model runs (optimistic and pessimistic) as recommended in the EFSA guidance.

Understanding adherence to official guidelines on statin prescribing in primary health care--a multi-level methodological approach.

Objective: The aim was to investigate the role that municipalities and out-patient health care centres (HCCs) have in understanding adherence to official guidelines on statin prescribing. Our hypothesis was that after guideline publication, adherence to recommended statin prescription would increase and variance among HCCs and municipalities would decrease. Since multi-level regression analysis (MLRA) is a relatively new methodology in pharmacoepidemiology, we also aimed to explore the application of MLRA in our investigation.

Emergence of imipenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae owing to combination of plasmid-mediated CMY-4 and permeability alteration.

Klebsiella pneumoniae BM2974 isolated from an abdominal abcess was resistant to high concentrations of all available beta-lactams, including recently developed third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Isoelectric focusing of beta-lactamases and amplification, cloning and sequencing of the corresponding genes, together with conjugation and transformation experiments, indicated that, in addition to the chromosomally encoded beta-lactamase, the strain produced three plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases with pIs of 5.4, 8.

Abdominal vessel enhancement with an ultrasmall, superparamagnetic iron oxide blood pool agent: evaluation of dose and echo time dependence at different field strengths.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine the dose and echo time dependence of abdominal vessel enhancement at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging after injection of a blood pool contrast agent at two field strengths.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen healthy volunteers received NC100150 Injection at three dose levels (1.0 mg, 2.

Oral carriage of Candida species in children and adolescents with Down's syndrome.

Oral carriage of Candida albicans was studied in 55 children and adolescents with Down's syndrome (DS), aged between 7 months and 20 years 6 months, and compared with an age- and sex-matched control group of subjects. Twenty-two of the DS subjects were diagnosed as having congenital cardiovascular malformations. Compared to controls, the DS subjects were more prone to infections.

Positron emission tomography studies on D2 and 5-HT2 receptor binding in risperidone-treated schizophrenic patients.

By the use of positron emission tomography (PET), high central dopamine D2 receptor occupancy (70 to 90%) has been demonstrated in patients treated with conventional neuroleptics. In patients treated with the atypical antipsychotic clozapine, the D2 occupancy was low (20 to 67%). The effects of clozapine may thus be mediated by a mechanism distinct from D2 occupancy.

A carcinoid tumor of the ileum. A case report and a brief review of the relevant literature. Case report.

An unusual case of carcinoid tumor of the ileum is presented where a metastatic deposit in the spine was removed 10 years before the primary lesion could be detected. The primary tumor was 3 cm in diameter with a hepatic metastasis, however, the patient was completely asymptomatic, and the lesions were only discovered accidentally. The discussion illustrates the diagnostic difficulties of small bowel carcinoids and that surgery as the only curative treatment has a role to play even in advanced stages.

Four years' results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing polytetrafluoroethylene and modified human umbilical vein for below-knee femoropopliteal bypass.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Gore-Tex) and human umbilical vein (Biograft) arterial grafts were compared for below-knee femoropopliteal bypass grafting in a prospective randomized clinical trial. One hundred five patients (105 limbs) entered the trial. Seventy-six percent suffered from rest pain, ulceration, or gangrene.

The oral glucose tolerance test in men under 55 years of age with intermittent claudication.

Blood glucose at sixty, ninety, and one hundred twenty minutes after a standardized oral glucose load was compared in healthy middle-aged men and patients with intermittent claudication. No difference was found when the authors compared blood glucose at zero and sixty minutes. At both ninety and one hundred twenty minutes, however, they found a relative hypoglycemia in patients with peripheral arteriosclerotic disease in an early stage.

Acute thrombogenicity of a compliant polyurethane urea graft compared with polytetrafluoroethylene: an experimental study in sheep.

The acute thrombogenicity of a new polyurethane urea graft has been compared with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts using labelled homologous platelets in the carotid arteries of sheep in a low-flow model. There was no difference in patency. Thrombus weight and thrombus free surface were the same in both types of graft after 4 h.

The acute thrombogenicity of a compliant polyurethane arterial graft compared with autologous vein. An experimental study in sheep.

The acute thrombogenicity of a new type of polyurethane urea graft was compared with that of autologous femoral vein graft in a sheep carotid artery interposition model. There was significantly more thrombus formation (as measured from thrombus weight and thrombus-free surface) and greater platelet accumulation in the polyurethane graft. Despite flow restriction to 25 ml/min, the patency rates after 4 hours were similar; all veins were patent and only one of the eight polyurethane grafts was occluded.

Reconstruction of the external carotid artery.

Reconstruction of a stenotic external carotid artery associated with occlusion of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery is described in four cases. In two of them there was also a significant stump of internal carotid artery following the occlusion, and the stump was oversewn at the reconstructive operation. All four patients improved after the operation.

Leg blood flow in intermittent claudication--a comparison between non insulin dependent diabetics and non diabetics.

The influence of diabetes on leg blood flow in intermittent claudication has been assessed by comparing the systolic arm-ankle pressure gradient at rest and resistance to blood flow during reactive hyperemia in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes and non-diabetic controls. Cases and controls were matched for age and sex. Smoking habits, blood pressure, and blood lipids didn't differ in the two groups.

Aneurysms of the popliteal artery.

A retrospective study of 13 patients with 18 popliteal artery aneurysms has been undertaken. The patients were seen under a period of 12 years. Six of the patients had extrapopliteal aneurysms as well.

Extraanatomic vascular reconstruction in patients with aorto-iliac arteriosclerosis.

During an 11-year period 117 extraanatomic reconstructions were made for aorto-iliac arteriosclerosis; 36 axillofemoral and 81 femorofemoral crossover bypasses. The patients were old and had several factors making them poor risks for surgery. Axillofemoral grafts were more often used in patients with malignant disease.

Vascular complications after total hip arthroplasty.

Four cases of vascular complications in connection with total hip replacement are reported and another 25 cases from the literature summarized. Acute intraoperative injuries most often give rise to severe haemorrhage. Delayed injuries with pseudoaneurysm formation or thrombosis give rise to hip pain, distal ischaemia or haemorrhage when a prosthesis is extracted.

A cubic protein-monoolein-water phase.

A cubic monoacylglycerol-protein-water phase has been identified by low-angle X-ray diffraction, and the main features of the ternary phase diagram monoolein/lysozyme/water are presented. The thermal stability of the protein in the lipid-protein cubic phase has been examined by differential scanning calorimetry. According to the physical properties of the phase it is proposed that the protein molecules are located in the water medium, i.

A randomized clinical trial of PTFE versus human umbilical vein for femoropopliteal bypass surgery. Preliminary results.

PTFE (Goretex) and modified human umbilical vein (Biograft) vascular grafts were compared in femorodistal popliteal artery bypass surgery in a randomized clinical multicentre trial. During 18 months 104 patients (104 limbs) entered the trial. Twenty-five patients suffered from claudication, 54 suffered rest pain and 25 patients had ulceration or gangrene.