Women, incarceration and HIV: a systematic review of HIV treatment access, continuity of care and health outcomes across incarceration trajectories.

Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on gendered implications of incarceration for HIV outcomes and engagement in care for women living with HIV (WLWH).

Design: We systematically searched seven bibliographic databases, for peer-reviewed English-language studies, published between 2007 and 2017 reporting on incarceration, women (transgender inclusive) and HIV.

Methods: Articles were included for evaluation if they reported outcomes for at least one of three measures of interest: viral load, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence or engagement in care among WLWH along incarceration trajectories.

Blinded outcomes and angina assessment of coronary bioresorbable scaffolds: 30-day and 1-year results from the ABSORB IV randomised trial.

Background: Previous studies showed more adverse events with coronary bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) than with metallic drug-eluting stents (DES), although in one randomised trial angina was reduced with BVS. However, these early studies were unmasked, lesions smaller than intended for the scaffold were frequently enrolled, implantation technique was suboptimal, and patients with myocardial infarction, in whom BVS might be well suited, were excluded.

Methods: In the active-controlled, blinded, multicentre, randomised ABSORB IV trial, patients with stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndromes aged 18 years or older were recruited from 147 hospitals in five countries (the USA, Germany, Australia, Singapore, and Canada).

Commentary on the 2018 Named Series on blood-brain interfaces: Roles of neuroimmunomodulation in health and disease.

This year's 2018 Named Series on blood-brain interfaces highlights the importance of brain barriers as mediators of neuroimmune communication and regulators of neurological function. The term "brain interfaces" reflects our growing understanding that brain barriers such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB) are not only gatekeepers, but facilitators of bidirectional communication between the brain and periphery. There is also an emerging appreciation that CNS sites that are exposed to blood-borne immune molecules and cells, such as the leptomeninges and circumventricular organs, may also be considered brain interfaces with important homeostatic and pathological functions.

Topical Vancomycin in Pediatric Spine Surgery Does Not Reduce Surgical Site Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Evaluate the effectiveness of topical vancomycin in reducing surgical site infection (SSI) in pediatric patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF).

Summary Of Background Data: There has been increased interest in use of topical vancomycin to reduce SSI in spine surgery with mixed results reported in the literature.

Bidirectional Ecosystem-Atmosphere Fluxes of Volatile Organic Compounds Across the Mass Spectrum: How Many Matter?

Terrestrial ecosystems are simultaneously the largest source and a major sink of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the global atmosphere, and these two-way fluxes are an important source of uncertainty in current models. Here, we apply high-resolution mass spectrometry (proton transfer reaction-quadrupole interface time-of-flight; PTR-QiTOF) to measure ecosystem-atmosphere VOC fluxes across the entire detected mass range 0-335) over a mixed temperate forest and use the results to test how well a state-of-science chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) is able to represent the observed reactive carbon exchange. We show that ambient humidity fluctuations can give rise to spurious VOC fluxes with PTR-based techniques and present a method to screen for such effects.

Candida dubliniensis abscess: A clinical case and a review of the literature.

infections are rare in the absence of prolonged immunocompromised status or intravenous drug abuse. We present a case of a soft tissue abscess in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes as his only immunocompromising risk factor, treated with surgical drainage and medical management.

Factors associated with lost to follow-up after hepatitis C treatment delivered by primary care teams in an inner-city multi-site program, Vancouver, Canada.

Background: Treatment of hepatitis c virus (HCV) with direct-acting-antivirals (DAAs) by family physicians in primary care and addiction settings may allow treatment expansion to inner-city populations, including people who inject drugs (PWID). Real-world data however, suggests high rates of non-attendance to SVR 12 testing. This study examines outcomes of HCV treatment delivered by family physicians working in interdisciplinary treatment programs, integrated into inner-city primary care clinics.

Recommendations From the Common Terminology Panel of the American Council of Academic Physical Therapy.

Background: In 2015, the American Council for Academic Physical Therapy (ACAPT) developed 3 strategic initiative panels to address integrated clinical education, student readiness, and common terminology for physical therapist clinical education.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of the work from the Common Terminology Panel.

Design: This was a descriptive, consensus-based study.

Can Inexperienced Listeners Hear Who Is Singing? The Role of Onset Cues.

Objective/hypothesis: This study sought to determine whether the acoustic information contained in the onset of phonation can improve the ability to discriminate voices across pitch.

Study Design: This study was a repeated-measures factorial design.

Methods: Listeners heard two singers producing /ɑ/ at the same pitch and an unknown singer producing /ɑ/ at a different pitch.

Assessment of Time to Hospital Encounter after an Initial Hospitalization for Heart Failure: Results from a Tertiary Medical Center.

Background: Hospital inpatient readmissions for patients admitted initially with the primary diagnosis of heart failure (HF) can be as high as 20-25% within 30 days of discharge. This, however, does not include admissions for observations or emergency department (ED) visits within the same time frame and does not show a time-dependent hospital encounter following discharge after an index admission. We present data on time-dependent hospital encounter of HF patients discharged after an index admission for a primary diagnosis of HF.

The Effects of Normal Aging on Regional Accumulation of Hyaluronan and Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Mouse Brain.

The brain changes in volume and composition with normal aging. Cellular components of the brain are supported by an extracellular matrix (ECM) comprised largely of hyaluronan (HA) and HA-associated members of the lectican family of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). We examined regional differences in microvascular density, neuronal and glial markers, and accumulation of HA and CSPGs in mouse brains during normal aging.

State of the National Emergency Department Workforce: Who Provides Care Where?

Study Objective: We describe the current US emergency medicine workforce in terms of clinician type and examine rural and urban emergency medicine workforce differences.

Methods: Using the 2014 Medicare Public Use Files, we performed a cross-sectional study of all clinicians receiving reimbursement for evaluation and management (E/M) services (levels 1 to 5) to Medicare fee-for-service Part B beneficiaries in the emergency department. Providers were defined as emergency physicians, nonemergency physicians, or advanced practice providers, corresponding with the Medicare Public Use Files data set.

Effect of short bouts of high intensity activity on glucose among adults with prediabetes: A pilot randomized crossover study.

Aim: Few data exist on the effects of vigorous-intensity activity on blood glucose. The study aim was to determine the effects of 2-min and 4-min bouts of vigorous-intensity stair climbing on glucose levels.

Methods: Nine overweight/obese adults with prediabetes (40-64 years, HbA 5.

Anterior Spinal Fusion and Posterior Spinal Fusion Both Effectively Treat Lenke Type 5 Curves in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Multicenter Study.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Retrospective comparison of radiographic and clinical outcomes between anterior spinal fusion (ASF) and posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in surgical treatment of Lenke 5 curves.

Summary Of Background Data: ASF and PSF are used for treatment of Lenke 5 curves in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Predicting vasovagal syncope from heart rate and blood pressure: A prospective study in 140 subjects.

Background: We developed a vasovagal syncope (VVS) prediction algorithm for use during head-up tilt with simultaneous analysis of heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). We previously tested this algorithm retrospectively in 1155 subjects, showing sensitivity 95%, specificity 93%, and median prediction time 59 seconds.

Objective: The purpose of this prospective, single-center study of 140 subjects was to evaluate this VVS prediction algorithm and to assess whether retrospective results were reproduced and clinically relevant.

Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella during washing of contaminated gloves in levulinic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions.

Field workers often wear gloves harvesting ready-to-eat produce; however, fields are not sterile environments and gloves may become contaminated numerous times during a working shift. This study explored the potential for inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella when contaminated gloves were washed in levulinic acid (LV) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions. Washing nitrile gloves with increasing concentrations of LV above 1.

Can Listeners Hear Who Is Singing? The Development of Voice Category Perception.

Objective And Hypothesis: This study sought to investigate if a small amount of training in identification of voices elicits the development of prototypical vocal categories.

Study Design: This study used a between-group design.

Methods: This study used an ABX paradigm where listeners heard two different singers singing "ah" at the same pitch.

Neuroimmune Axes of the Blood-Brain Barriers and Blood-Brain Interfaces: Bases for Physiological Regulation, Disease States, and Pharmacological Interventions.

Central nervous system (CNS) barriers predominantly mediate the immune-privileged status of the brain, and are also important regulators of neuroimmune communication. It is increasingly appreciated that communication between the brain and immune system contributes to physiologic processes, adaptive responses, and disease states. In this review, we discuss the highly specialized features of brain barriers that regulate neuroimmune communication in health and disease.

A magnetic resonance imaging framework for quantifying intervertebral disc deformation in vivo: Reliability and application to diurnal variations in lumbar disc shape.

Low back pain is a significant socioeconomic burden in the United States and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration is frequently implicated as a cause. The discs play an important mechanical role in the spine, yet the relationship between disc function and back pain is poorly defined. The objective of this work was to develop a technique using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional modeling to measure in vivo disc deformations.

How or When Samples Are Collected Affects Measured Arsenic Concentration in New Drinking Water Wells.

Naturally occurring arsenic can adversely affect water quality in geologically diverse aquifers throughout the world. Chronic exposure to arsenic via drinking water is a human health concern due to risks for certain cancers, skin abnormalities, peripheral neuropathy, and other negative health effects. Statewide in Minnesota, USA, 11% of samples from new drinking water wells have arsenic concentrations exceeding 10 μg/L; in certain counties more than 35% of tested samples exceed 10 μg/L arsenic.

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside is a blood-brain barrier protective and anti-inflammatory agent: implications for neuroinflammation.

Background: Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), the main lignan in flaxseed, is known for its beneficial effects in inflammation, oxidative stress, heart disease, tumor progression, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. SDG might be an attractive natural compound that protects against neuroinflammation. Yet, there are no comprehensive studies to date investigating the effects of SDG on brain endothelium using relevant in vivo and in vitro models.

"The disease is mine, the body is mine, I decide": Individual, interpersonal, and institutional barriers and facilitators among survivors of women's cancers in Andean countries.

Recent national cancer plans address high cancer mortality in Latin America, particularly in Andean countries. Little is known about which individual, interpersonal, and institutional facilitators and barriers persist, particularly from the perspective of cancer survivors. We conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with survivors of breast and cervical cancers during and after a Pan American Health Organization sponsored conference on women's cancers in Lima, Peru.

Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella deposited on gloves in a liquid state and subjected to drying conditions.

Gloves are worn by workers harvesting ready-to-eat produce as a deterrent for contaminating the produce with enteric pathogens that may reside on their hands. As fields are not sterile environments, the probability for gloves to become contaminated still exists and therefore it is critical to understand the conditions that affect the survival of pathogens on gloves. Both Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella deposited on glove surfaces in a liquid state survived longer when the pathogen had been suspended in lettuce sap than when suspended in water.