The Influence of Physical Activity and Epigenomics On Cognitive Function and Brain Health in Breast Cancer.

The risk of breast cancer increases with age, with the majority of women diagnosed with breast cancer being postmenopausal. It has been estimated that 25-75% of women with breast cancer experience changes in cognitive function (CF) related to disease and treatment, which compromises psychological well-being, decision making, ability to perform daily activities, and adherence to cancer therapy. Unfortunately, the mechanisms that underlie neurocognitive changes in women with breast cancer remain poorly understood, which in turn limits the development of effective treatments and prevention strategies.

Bone Mineral Density and Muscle Mass in Masters Olympic Weightlifters and Runners.

The authors examined the musculoskeletal implications of delayed exercise adoption in two distinct cohorts of masters athletes with ∼10 years of training experience: Olympic weightlifters (OWLs) and distance runners (RUNs). Total body and regional bone mineral density (BMD), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived lean mass were compared in 51 OWLs and 43 RUNs. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on BMD and lean mass with the exercise group (i.

Effects of Exercise on Brain and Cognition Across Age Groups and Health States.

Exercise has been shown to benefit brain structure and function, particularly in aging populations. However, the mechanisms by which exercise exerts its effects, especially in humans, are not fully understood. This review argues that one reason for this knowledge gap is that exercise likely operates through multiple levels of mechanisms.

The fitness versus body fat hypothesis in relation to hippocampal structure.

The Fitness Versus Body Fat Hypothesis argues that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) plays a more important role in cardiovascular health than adiposity. It remains poorly understood whether CRF or adiposity accounts for a greater amount of variation in measures of brain health. We examined the contribution of CRF, adiposity, and their interaction with hippocampal structure.

Changes in cerebral perfusion following a 12-month exercise and diet intervention.

Overweight and obesity may damage the cerebrovascular architecture, resulting in a significant reduction in cerebral blood flow. To date, there have been few randomized clinical trials (RCT) examining whether obesity-related reductions in cerebral blood flow could be modified by weight loss. Further, it is unknown whether the behavioral intervention strategy for weight loss (i.

Associations between the activity of placental nutrient-sensing pathways and neonatal and postnatal metabolic health: the ECHO Healthy Start cohort.

Objective: Our hypothesis was that the activity of placental nutrient-sensing pathways is associated with adiposity and metabolic health in childhood.

Research Design And Methods: Using placental villus samples from healthy mothers from the Healthy Start Study, we measured the abundance and phosphorylation of key intermediates in the mTOR, insulin, AMPK, and ER stress signaling pathways. Using multivariate multiple regression models, we tested the association between placental proteins and offspring adiposity (%fat mass) at birth (n = 109), 4-6 months (n = 104), and 4-6 years old (n = 64), adjusted for offspring sex and age.

Association of Sedentary Behavior with Brain Structure and Intelligence in Children with Overweight or Obesity: The ActiveBrains Project.

Unlabelled: We investigated the associations of different sedentary behaviors (SB) with gray matter volume and we tested whether SB related to gray matter volume is associated with intelligence.

Methods: 99 children with overweight or obesity aged 8-11 years participated in this cross-sectional study. SB was measured using the Youth Activity Profile-Spain questionnaire.

Associations of Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Hippocampal Gray Matter Volume in Children with Overweight/Obesity.

This study investigated physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) in relation to hippocampal gray matter volume (GMV) in pediatric overweight/obesity. Ninety-three children (10 ± 1 year) were classified as overweight, obesity type I, or type II-III. PA was assessed with non-dominant wrist accelerometers.

Differences in Brain Volume between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight and Obese Children: The Role of Fitness.

The aim of this study was to examine whether metabolically healthy overweight/obese children have greater global and regional gray matter volumes than their metabolically unhealthy peers. We further examined the association between gray matter volume and academic achievement, along with the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in these associations. A total of 97 overweight/obese children (10.

Comparison of Food Cue-Evoked and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Obesity.

Objective: Obesity is associated with differences in task-evoked and resting-state functional brain connectivity (FC). However, no studies have compared obesity-related differences in FC evoked by high-calorie food cues from that observed at rest. Such a comparison could improve our understanding of the neural mechanisms of reward valuation and decision making in the context of obesity.

Physical Activity is Associated With Fewer Subjective Cognitive Complaints in 47 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Objectives: To determine the association between physical activity (PA) and subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs), and the influential factors in this association.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting And Participants: Community-based data of the World Health Survey, which included 248,504 individuals from 47 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), were analyzed [mean age = 38.

Wakeful Prone "Tummy Time" During Infancy: How Can We Help Parents?

Aims: This study's purpose is to present facilitators and barriers for wakeful prone positioning or "tummy time" during infancy by exploring the personal perspectives of infant caregivers attempting to provide daily tummy time.

Methods: The study was qualitative in design, using thematic analysis to identify major and minor themes from semi-structured interviews. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation - Behavior Model provided a conceptual framework for the interview guide and categorization of major themes.

Actinide 2-metallabiphenylenes that satisfy Hückel's rule.

Aromaticity and antiaromaticity, as defined by Hückel's rule, are key ideas in organic chemistry, and are both exemplified in biphenylene-a molecule that consists of two benzene rings joined by a four-membered ring at its core. Biphenylene analogues in which one of the benzene rings has been replaced by a different (4n + 2) π-electron system have so far been associated only with organic compounds. In addition, efforts to prepare a zirconabiphenylene compound resulted in the isolation of a bis(alkyne) zirconocene complex instead.

An Usual Presentation of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in a Woman Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor.

We describe a case of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in an 18-year-old female individual with refractory primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma treated with the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab. She received 11 doses of pembrolizumab without immune-related adverse events (irAEs) before the diagnosis of P. jirovecii pneumonia.

Quantifying Cortical Resilience in Experimental, Clinical, and Epidemiological Studies: A Conceptually Grounded Method Using Noninvasive Brain Stimulation.

Objective: Cortical resilience can be defined as the ability of the cortex of the human brain to rebound efficiently from perturbation. This concept is important in both research and clinical practice contexts. However, no direct measure of cortical resilience exists.

Measuring Quality in Kidney Care: An Evaluation of Existing Quality Metrics and Approach to Facilitating Improvements in Care Delivery.

Background: Leveraging quality metrics can be a powerful approach to identify substantial performance gaps in kidney disease care that affect patient outcomes. However, metrics must be meaningful, evidence-based, attributable, and feasible to improve care delivery. As members of the American Society of Nephrology Quality Committee, we evaluated existing kidney quality metrics and provide a framework for quality measurement to guide clinicians and policy makers.

The association between physical fitness parameters and white matter microstructure in older adults: A diffusion tensor imaging study.

The present study was designed to examine whether different measures of physical fitness are differentially associated with white matter (WM) microstructure in older adults. Fifty-six healthy adults (mean age: 59.14 years) completed a standardized evaluation of physical fitness measurements (e.

Bundled Payment Reform and Dialysis Facility Closures in ESKD.

Background: In 2011, inclusion of injectable medications into an expanded ESKD payment bundle prompted concerns that dialysis facilities facing higher costs might close, disrupting care delivery and access to care. Whether this policy change influenced dialysis facility closures is unknown.

Methods: To examine whether facility closures increased after 2011 and whether factors influencing closures changed, we analyzed US Renal Data System registry data to identify all patients receiving in-center hemodialysis from 2006 through 2015 and to track dialysis facility closures.

Higher Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Associated with Reduced Functional Brain Connectivity During Performance of the Stroop Task.

Background: Although higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been linked to better executive function, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain a matter of speculation. One hypothesis is that higher CRF is associated with elevated top-down control in which brain regions processing task-relevant information are up-regulated and brain regions processing task-irrelevant information are down-regulated.

Methods: We tested this top-down hypothesis in 50 young adults (μ age = 25.

A Hearing Screening Pilot Study With Students With Significant Cognitive Disabilities.

Purpose Many children with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities are at a higher risk for hearing loss than their peers who are typically developing. Unfortunately, they do not consistently participate in routine school-based hearing screenings. The current study investigated the feasibility of increasing their participation using an otoacoustic emissions protocol and documented results relative to student educational profiles.

Physician reimbursement for outpatient dialysis care: Past, present, and future.

Ever since Medicare began covering nearly every patient with end-stage renal disease in the United States, reimbursement for dialysis services has deviated from traditional fee-for-service. The method of reimbursing physicians for outpatient dialysis care has undergone a series of reforms in an effort to improve the overall quality of dialysis care and to control healthcare costs-changes that we are still seeing today. In 2004, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) changed the Monthly Capitation Payment (MCP) for physician reimbursement to the tiered fee-for-service system that is used today.

Consolidation in dialysis Markets-Causes, consequences, and the role of policy.

The dialysis industry is one of the most highly concentrated healthcare sectors in the United States. Despite decades of growth in the number of patients with end-stage renal disease and in the size of dialysis markets, two large dialysis organizations currently care for more than two-thirds of the dialysis population. Economies of scale, bargaining leverage with suppliers and private insurers, barriers to entry, and government regulations have contributed to highly concentrated dialysis markets by conferring advantages to larger organizations.