Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist counteracts hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese male mice.

Obesity leads to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. In humans, low levels of the hormone prolactin (PRL) correlate with IR, adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, and increased prevalence of T2D. In obese rats, PRL treatment promotes insulin sensitivity and reduces visceral AT adipocyte hypertrophy.

Strawberry, Blueberry, and Strawberry-Blueberry Blend Beverages Prevent Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Rats by Modulating Key Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism.

There is an increasing interest in developing natural herb-infused functional beverages with health benefits; therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of strawberry, blueberry, and strawberry-blueberry blend decoction-based functional beverages on obesity-related metabolic alterations in high-fat and high-fructose diet-fed rats. The administration of the three berry-based beverages for eighteen weeks prevented the development of hypertriglyceridemia in obese rats (1.29-1.

Serum Phospholipids Are Potential Therapeutic Targets of Aqueous Extracts of Roselle () against Obesity and Insulin Resistance.

Roselle () is rich in phenolic compounds with antiobesogenic and antidiabetic effects. In this study, the effects of aqueous extracts of two varieties of , Alma blanca (white-yellow color) and Cuarenteña (purple color), were evaluated for the prevention of obesity and insulin resistance in rats fed a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD), identifying targeted molecules through global metabolomics. After sixteen weeks, both roselle aqueous extracts prevented body weight gain, and white roselle extract ameliorated insulin resistance and decreased serum free fatty acid levels.

Vasoinhibin is Generated and Promotes Inflammation in Mild Antigen-induced Arthritis.

Inflammatory arthritis defines a family of diseases influenced by reproductive hormones. Vasoinhibin, a fragment of the hormone prolactin (PRL), has antiangiogenic and proinflammatory properties. We recently showed that vasoinhibin reduces joint inflammation and bone loss in severe antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) by an indirect mechanism involving the inhibition of pannus vascularization.

Chemopreventive Effect of the Germinated Oat and its Phenolic-AVA Extract in Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium (AOM/DSS) Model of Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice.

The consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and whole grains has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the content of natural compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activities. The oat ( L.) is a unique source of avenanthramides (AVAs), among other compounds, with chemopreventive effects.

Prolactin regulates liver growth during postnatal development in mice.

The liver grows during the early postnatal period first at slower and then at faster rates than the body to achieve the adult liver-to-body weight ratio (LBW), a constant reflecting liver health. The hormone prolactin (PRL) stimulates adult liver growth and regeneration, and its levels are high in the circulation of newborn infants, but whether PRL plays a role in neonatal liver growth is unknown. Here, we show that the liver produces PRL and upregulates the PRL receptor in mice during the first 2 wk after birth, when liver growth lags behind body growth.

Impaired prolactin actions mediate altered offspring metabolism induced by maternal high-fat feeding during lactation.

Maternal diet during lactation affects offspring metabolic health throughout life. Prolactin (PRL) is present in high quantities in maternal milk; however, the effects of milk PRL on the offspring remain poorly characterized. In this study, we evaluated whether feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) to rats during lactation alters PRL, both in the mother's serum and in milk, and whether this factor contributes to HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction in the offspring.

Prolactin Promotes Adipose Tissue Fitness and Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Males.

Excessive accumulation of body fat triggers insulin resistance and features of the metabolic syndrome. Recently, evidence has accumulated that obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are associated with reduced levels of serum prolactin (PRL) in humans and rodents, raising the question of whether low PRL levels contribute to metabolic dysfunction. Here, we have addressed this question by investigating the role of PRL in insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue fitness in obese rodents and humans.

Prolactin anterior pituitary expression and circulating levels are reduced in obese and diabetic rats: role of TGF-β and TNF-α.

The levels of the hormone prolactin (PRL) are reduced in the circulation of patients with Type 2 diabetes and in obese children, and lower systemic PRL levels correlate with an increased prevalence of diabetes and a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. The secretion of anterior pituitary (AP) PRL in metabolic diseases may be influenced by the interplay between transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), which inhibit and can stimulate AP PRL synthesis, respectively, and are known contributors to insulin resistance and metabolic complications. Here, we show that TGF-β and TNF-α antagonize the effect of each other on the expression and release of PRL by the GH4C1 lactotrope cell line.