Venetoclax with low-dose cytarabine, a forgotten combination in patients with acute myeloid leukemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy: a systematic review.

Background: Based on the VIALE-A and VIALE-C studies, the Food and Drug Administration approved venetoclax in 2020 in combination with azacitidine or low-dose cytarabine for the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. After the publication of these studies, venetoclax/azacitidine was assumed to be superior to venetoclax/low-dose cytarabine; however, these studies were not designed to demonstrate superiority between these combinations. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to describe overall survival, complete remission rate, and composite complete remission rate to assess response of these two regimens in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Mexico: The Specific Challenges of a Developing Country. Results From a Multicenter National Registry.

Background: In the past decades, long-term survival outcomes for younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have improved. Nonetheless, developing nations might be lagging behind, highlighting the need to assess real-world outcomes in such regions.

Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective study, which included patients with AML diagnosed between January 2013 and December 2017 from 13 centers in Mexico.

Survival analysis of adult patients with ALL in Mexico City: first report from the Acute Leukemia Workgroup (ALWG) (GTLA).

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of hematopoietic lymphoid progenitors. With new target therapies, the survival of adults with ALL has improved in the past few decades. Unfortunately, there are no large ALL patient series in many Latin American countries.

Survival and treatment response in adults with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with a modified International Consortium on Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia protocol.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia has good prognosis in view of the high complete remission and survival rates achieved with therapies containing all-trans retinoic acid or arsenic trioxide. However, there is a significant risk of death during induction due to hemorrhage secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulation. This has contributed to a gap in the prognosis of patients between developed and developing countries.

Thalidomide and Dexamethasone Induction Therapy Until Best Response in Recently Diagnosed Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Results From a Pilot Study.

Background: Novel therapies for multiple myeloma are not affordable for all healthcare systems.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the response rates, overall survival, event-free survival, and toxicity of thalidomide and dexamethasone administered until best response in recently diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma.

Methods: All recently diagnosed multiple myeloma patients meeting the inclusion criteria received the same treatment with thalidomide and dexamethasone.

Outcomes of Substituting Oral Fludarabine for Intravenous Fludarabine in Combination with Cytarabine and Filgrastim for Treatment of Primary Refractory or Relapsed Acute Leukemias.

Background: Treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid or lymphoid leukemia consists of salvage chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Intravenous fludarabine, cytarabine, and filgrastim is an effective regimen in this setting. In view of the lack of availability of intravenous fludarabine in Mexico from 2009-2013, we substituted an equivalent oral fludarabine dose (40 mg) for the intravenous formulation.

Prognostic Factors, Response to Treatment, and Survival in Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Blast Phase: A Single-Institution Survey.

Introduction: Data from 51 patients (23 women) with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast phase (BP) were analyzed in order to identify prognostic factors for complete hematologic response (CHR) and survival.

Patients And Methods: Forty-four patients experienced disease progression from chronic or accelerated phase, and 7 cases presented as CML-BP. Thirteen patients (25.

Diagnosing and treating mixed phenotype acute leukemia: a multicenter 10-year experience in México.

Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) in adults represents nearly 2 to 5 % of all acute leukemia cases. There are two large studies throughout the world and only case reports and small series have been reported in Latin America. This study retrospectively analyses the clinical characteristics and survival of 27 patients with MPAL evaluated in three medical institutions of Mexico.

Small MAF genes variants and chronic myeloid leukemia.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is one of the most frequent hematological neoplasia worldwide. The abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species may be an important factor in CML development. The transcription factor NRF2 can regulate the transcription of a battery of antioxidant and detoxificant genes after heterodimerizing with small-Maf proteins.

Incidence of thrombosis in adults with acute leukemia: a single center experience in Mexico.

Background: Acute leukemias are hematopoietic malignancies that may be accompanied by hemostatic abnormalities. In general, information on the frequency of thrombotic events, their clinical characteristics and survival in adult patients with acute leukemia is still scarce and controversial.

Objectives: To describe the frequency of thrombotic events, their clinical characteristics and survival of adult patients with acute leukemia at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City.

A multicenter, open-label, noncomparative screening study of enzastaurin in adult patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Purpose: To assess the antitumor activity of enzastaurin in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas: T-cell lymphoma (n = 23): cutaneous and peripheral T-cell lymphoma; indolent B-cell lymphomas (n = 19): small lymphocytic, follicular grade 1 or 2, marginal zone lymphomas; and aggressive B-cell lymphomas (n = 15): follicular lymphomas grade 3, aggressive lymphoma with a clinical history. The primary objective was to determine overall tumor response. Secondary objectives included duration of response and safety.

Diagnosis of acute leukemia in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-acute leukemia).

Cerebrospinal fluid-acute leukemia (CSF-acute leukemia) is a frequent and serious complication in patients with acute leukemia. One of the major problems of this complication is the diagnosis process itself. CSF cytology is currently considered the gold standard for establishing the diagnosis, a technique which presents various processing limitations, seriously impacting the predictive values.

Thrombosis and acute leukemia.

Thrombosis is a common complication in patients with acute leukemia. While the presence of central venous lines, concomitant steroids, the use of Escherichia coli asparaginase and hereditary thrombophilic abnormalities are known risk factors for thrombosis in children, information on the pathogenesis, risk factors, and clinical outcome of thrombosis in adult patients with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still scarce. Expert consensus and guidelines regarding leukemia-specific risk factors, thrombosis prevention, and treatment strategies, as well as optimal type of central venous catheter in acute leukemia patients are required.

[Dermatoses in patients with acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemia. Cohort follow-up in a tertiary care hospital].

Introduction: Cutaneous manifestations in patients with acute leukemia (AL) cover a broad spectrum, including those due to leukemia per se, to chemotherapy and other drugs and those inherent to hospital care.

Material And Methods: This is a cohort study in a tertiary hospital setting where the development of dermatoses was followed for 2 years in 22 patients with the diagnosis of AL.

Results: During the study, all patients developed some type of dermatosis, mostly due to chemotherapy.

Treatment strategies in patients with core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia.

Core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemias (CBF AML) are characterized by sensitivity to high-dose cytarabine. Due to good prognosis in CBF AML patients, it is important to determine the optimal treatment. Long-term RFS (relapse-free survival) is reported among 40-60%.

[Acute myeloid leukemia in adults: experience at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán from 2003 to 2008].

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises a group of diseases with different biologic characteristics; despite knowledge improvements, these are not reflected in long term survival.

Objective: To describe characteristics of adults with AML in a hospital of Mexico City, their treatment response, complications and to evaluate survival related factors.

Material And Methods: Cohort study.

Prospective evaluation of oral mucositis in acute leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy.

Purpose: Knowledge of oral mucositis (OM) in patients with acute leukemia (AL) and chemotherapy (CT) has remained limited. Thus, a prospective, longitudinal study was undertaken to characterize clinical features, associated risk factors, and behavior of OM in a cohort of AL patients starting CT.

Methods: Prospective and longitudinal study.

[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: experience in adult patients treated with hyperCVAD and 0195 Protocol, at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Cohort 2003-2007].

Introduction: Despite therapeutic advances, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults remains a disease with poor long term outcome and survival rates. Developing countries lack of information about this disease. On the other hand, infections are frequent complications related to mortality and some research studies do not show accurate rates of septic shock or other related factors.

Starch and albumin mixture as replacement fluid in therapeutic plasma exchange is safe and effective.

Unlabelled: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an effective treatment in Myasthenia gravis (MG) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and 5% human albumin is the replacement fluid of choice; however, it is expensive. More recently, it has been suggested that starch is a safe and cheaper choice to human albumin.

Objective: To evaluate our 5-year experience using 3% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and 5% human albumin mixture, as replacement fluid in TPE for these diseases.

Multidrug resistance-1 in T lymphocytes and natural killer cells of adults with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: effect of prednisone treatment.

High P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance-1 (P-gp/MDR1) activity in lymphocytes from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients may affect disease outcome. ITP treatment includes glucocorticoids that are substrates of P-gp; hence, P-gp functional activity and antigenic expression were assessed by flow cytometry in T and natural killer (NK) cells from ITP patients before and after prednisone therapy. Herein, patients' T and NK cells did not show increased MDR1 functional activity, whereas P-gp antigenic expression was significantly enhanced in both therapy-free and prednisone-treated patients.

[Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis utility during chemotherapy-induced severe neutropenia in patients with acute leukemia, with fluoroquinolone resistance high prevalence, in a reference hospital in Mexico City].

Background: The use of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in patients with cancer and neutropenia has failed to show a significant impact on mortality, despite its usefulness in reducing the incidence of gramnegative bacteremia. However, an increase in grampositive bacteremia and the emergence of resistant colonizing bacteria have consistently been noticed.

Objective: To determine the impact of prophylaxis with fluoroquinolones on the incidence of bacteremia and mortality in a hospital with high fluorquinolone resistance in Mexico City.