Posterior subcapsular cataract in a patient with Straatsma syndrome.

Straatsma syndrome is an uncommon ocular condition generally comprised of myelinated retinal nerve fiber layer, myopia, and amblyopia. Associated ocular disorders include strabismus, nystagmus, optic nerve hypoplasia, and iris heterochromia. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl with unilateral Straatsma syndrome and an acquired cataract that required surgical extraction.

Incidence and presenting clinical features of pediatric keratoconus in a US population.

Purpose: To report both the incidence of pediatric keratoconus (PKC) in a population-based cohort and the risk for undergoing corneal surgery over a 20-year period at a single institution.

Methods: The medical records of all patients <19 years of age diagnosed with keratoconus while residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1975, through December 31, 2019, were retrospectively reviewed. The records of patients <19 years with keratoconus examined at our institution from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2020, were also reviewed.

Novel superior oblique anterior fiber plication with or without adjustable sliding knot for extorsion.

Purpose: To report a novel surgical technique to correct excyclotropia, consisting of a superior oblique anterior fibers plication (SOAFP) with or without a hemihangback anterior knot, allowing access for postoperative adjustment.

Methods: A retrospective interventional case series was conducted. Fourteen patients, 21-92 years of age, underwent SOAFP (18 eyes, 14 eyes on adjustable), at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Appropriateness of Ophthalmology Recommendations From an Online Chat-Based Artificial Intelligence Model.

Objective: To determine the appropriateness of ophthalmology recommendations from an online chat-based artificial intelligence model to ophthalmology questions.

Patients And Methods: Cross-sectional qualitative study from April 1, 2023, to April 30, 2023. A total of 192 questions were generated spanning all ophthalmic subspecialties.

Complex balanced intrachromosomal rearrangement involving PITX2 identified as a cause of Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome.

Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS) type 1 is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by anterior chamber anomalies, umbilical defects, dental hypoplasia, and craniofacial anomalies, with Meckel's diverticulum in some individuals. Here, we describe a clinically ascertained female of childbearing age with ARS for whom clinical targeted sequencing and deletion/duplication analysis followed by clinical exome and genome sequencing resulted in no pathogenic variants or variants of unknown significance in PITX2 or FOXC1. Advanced bioinformatic analysis of the genome data identified a complex, balanced rearrangement disrupting PITX2.

Role of Intraocular Lens Implantation in Children.

Purpose: To summarize recent literature and provide an update on the role of intraocular lens implantation in children.

Design: AOC/AACO/AAO 2022 Symposium Summary.

Intervention: None.

Incidence and distribution of ocular disorders in the first year of life.

Purpose: To describe the incidence and distribution of eye diseases affecting children in the first year of life in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Methods: We conducted a population-based, retrospective medical record review of infants (≤1 year of age) residing in Olmsted County diagnosed with an ocular disorder from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2014.

Results: A total of 4,223 infants were diagnosed with an ocular disorder, yielding an incidence of 20,242/100,000 births per year, or 1 in 4.

Incidence and clinical features of pediatric ocular trauma in a population-based cohort.

Purpose: To report the incidence and clinical characteristics of pediatric ocular and adnexal injuries diagnosed over a 10-year period in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective, population-based cohort study included all patients <19 years of age in Olmsted County diagnosed with ocular or adnexal injuries from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2009.

Results: A total of 740 ocular or adnexal injuries occurred during the study period, yielding an incidence of 203 (95% CI, 189-218) per 100,000 children.

Incidence of Glaucoma-Related Adverse Events in the First 5 Years After Pediatric Lensectomy.

Importance: Glaucoma can develop following cataract removal in children.

Objective: To assess the cumulative incidence of glaucoma-related adverse events (defined as glaucoma or glaucoma suspect) and factors associated with risk of these adverse events in the first 5 years after lensectomy prior to 13 years of age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used longitudinal registry data collected at enrollment and annually for 5 years from 45 institutional and 16 community sites.

Long-term strabismus outcomes after unilateral infantile cataract surgery in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study.

Purpose: To characterize long-term strabismus outcomes in children in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS).

Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis of long-term ocular alignment characteristics of children aged 10.5 years who had previously been enrolled in a randomized clinical trial evaluating aphakic management after unilateral cataract surgery between 1 and 6 months of age.

Incidence and clinical characteristics of paediatric keratitis.

Background/aims: To report the incidence and clinical characteristics of paediatric keratitis diagnosed over a 10-year period in a well-defined population.

Design: Retrospective, population-based study.

Methods: Setting: multicentre.

Applying Normal PedEyeQ Thresholds to Assess Eye-related Quality of Life among Children with Strabismus.

Purpose: To determine proportions of children with strabismus with below-normal Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ) scores.

Methods: Ninety-eight children with strabismus (70 aged 5-11 years; 28 aged 12-17 years) were evaluated. Children completed the Child 5-11 or 12-17 PedEyeQ (Functional Vision, Bothered by Eyes/vision, Social, and Frustration/worry domains).

Accuracy of the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision for Identifying Infantile Eye Disease.

Purpose: To determine the predictive value of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes for identifying infantile eye diagnoses.

Methods: Population-based retrospective cohort study of all residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota diagnosed at ≤1 year of age with an ocular disorder. The medical records of all infants diagnosed with any ocular disorder from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2014, were identified.

De novo PBX1 variant in a patient with glaucoma, kidney anomalies, and developmental delay: An expansion of the CAKUTHED phenotype.

An infant was referred for evaluation of congenital glaucoma and corneal clouding. In addition, he had a pelvic kidney, hypotonia, patent ductus arteriosus, abnormal pinnae, and developmental delay. Exome sequencing identified a previously unpublished de novo single nucleotide insertion in PBX1 c.

Diplopic versus nondiplopic strabismus: effects on functional vision and eye-related quality of life in adolescents.

Twenty adolescents (12-17 years old) with diplopic strabismus and 20 with nondiplopic strabismus (matched to diplopic subjects for direction and magnitude of ocular deviation) completed the Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ). Children completed the Child PedEyeQ, and one parent for each child completed the Proxy PedEyeQ and Parent PedEyeQ. PedEyeQ Rasch domain scores were calculated and converted to a scale of 0 (worst) to 100 (best).

Applying normal PedEyeQ thresholds to define reduced quality of life.

Patient-reported outcome measures such as the Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ) are increasingly recognized as important in healthcare assessment. Defining normal PedEyeQ thresholds would allow classification of individual children as having reduced versus normal domain scores. We prospectively enrolled visually normal children (aged 0-17 years; n = 310) to calculate normal PedEyeQ domain thresholds.

Tinea blepharitis and follicular conjunctivitis in a child.

Trichophyton tonsurans is a fungal species that frequently causes tinea capitis (ringworm), a skin infection found in children. We report a case of unilateral blepharoconjunctivitis due to tinea capitis in a previously healthy 8-year-old boy. Although no case of blepharitis or follicular conjunctivitis due to T.

Orbital anatomy magnetic resonance imaging in diplopic versus non-diplopic patients after glaucoma drainage device placement.

Purpose: New-onset persistent diplopia has become a common complication after glaucoma drainage device (GDD) placement. Understanding the orbital anatomy of such patients may provide information regarding risk of diplopia, GDD selection, and post-operative management. The purpose of this study was to examine the orbital anatomic differences in diplopic and non-diplopic patients after GDD implantation using high-resolution MRI.

Anterior segment ischemia after laser for retinopathy of prematurity previously treated with antivascular endothelial growth factor.

Purpose: To assess the risk of vision-threatening anterior segment ischemia (ASI) among retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) patients treated with anti-VEGF followed by laser photocoagulation.

Methods: The medical records of all infants treated for threshold ROP with laser photocoagulation with and without prior anti-VEGF injections from January 1, 2002, through December 2018 at Mayo Clinic were retrospectively reviewed for the prevalence of vision-threatening ASI.

Results: A total of 241 eyes of 122 infants were included.

Ultra-low-dose (boom-boom) radiotherapy for management of recurrent ocular post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

Purpose: To report a case of recurrent iris post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) treated with ultra-low-dose (boom-boom) radiotherapy (RT).

Observations: A 12-year-old Caucasian male with a history of bilateral, recurrent iris PTLD of the extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT) type presented with persistent bilateral anterior chamber cellular infiltration, which was incompletely controlled on topical corticosteroids, and with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye secondary to steroid response. The patient was diagnosed with PTLD recurrence and was successfully treated with ultra-low-dose RT to both eyes in 2 fractions of 2 Gy.

Visual Outcomes and Complications After Lensectomy for Traumatic Cataract in Children.

Importance: The Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group Cataract Registry provides a multicenter assessment of visual outcomes and complications after lensectomy for traumatic pediatric cataract.

Objective: To report visual acuity (VA) and the cumulative proportion with strabismus, glaucoma, and other ocular complications by 15 months after lensectomy for traumatic cataract among children younger than 13 years at the time of surgery.

Design, Setting, And Participants: From June 18, 2012, to July 8, 2015, 1266 eyes of 994 children from 33 pediatric eye care practices seen within 45 days after lensectomy were enrolled in a multicenter, prospective observational registry.

Outcomes of secondary intraocular lens implantation in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study.

Purpose: To report outcomes of secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS).

Setting: Multicenter clinical practice.

Design: Secondary analysis of patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial.

Outcomes of Bilateral Cataract Surgery in Infants 7 to 24 Months of Age Using the Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Treatment Study Registry.

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of bilateral cataract surgery in children aged 7 to 24 months and compare rates of adverse events (AEs) with other Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Study (TAPS) registry outcomes.

Design: Retrospective clinical study at 10 Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) sites. Statistical analyses comparing this cohort with previously reported TAPS registry cohorts.