Long-Term Analyses of SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and T Cell Responses and Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infections after Two Doses of BNT162b2 Followed by mRNA-1273 and Bivalent Omicron-Adapted BNT162b2 Vaccines: A Prospective Study over 2 Years in Non-Immunocompromised Individuals.

Long-term analyses of the immune response following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are essential to determining its characteristics and providing the basis for vaccination strategies. We conducted a prospective study in a cohort of 268 healthy adults followed for >2 years after two doses of BNT162b2. Antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain of the S1 subunit of the spike of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-RBD) were measured at eight time points; T cell response was analyzed using an interferon-γ release assay.

Decline of antibody titres 3 months after two doses of BNT162b2 in non-immunocompromised adults.

Objective: To assess the antibody response in non-immunocompromised adults after two doses of BNT162b2.

Methods: Prospective, single-centre observational study in non-immunocompromised adults aged 18 years or more who received two doses of BNT162b2. The study contemplates analyses of serum samples collected 1.

Septic arthritis following arthroscopic reconstruction of cruciate ligaments of the knee: retrospective case review.

Introduction: Rupture of cruciate ligaments of the knee is a common injury that is repaired by arthroscopic reconstruction, which can give rise to septic arthritis. The objective of this article is to describe the clinical and microbiological aspects of this entity.

Methods: Retrospective review of cases of septic arthritis following arthroscopic reconstruction of cruciate ligaments of the knee that occurred at a single institution from 2000-2015.

Regulatory T cells and the risk of CMV end-organ disease in patients with AIDS.

Objectives: Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T-cell effectors (CMV-Teff) protect against CMV end-organ disease (EOD). In HIV-infected individuals, their numbers and function vary with CD4 cell numbers and HIV load. The role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in CMV-EOD has not been extensively studied.

Hepatitis C virus does not infect muscle, the intervertebral disk, or the meniscus in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with several extrahepatic manifestations, including neuromuscular and joint disorders, and HCV RNA has been detected in muscle fibers of patients with myosistis and chronic hepatitis C. However, whether HCV infects muscle cells in patients without myosistis is unknown. The presence of HCV in other sites of the musculoskeletal system has not been investigated.

The virologic, immunologic, and clinical effects of interleukin 2 with potent antiretroviral therapy in patients with moderately advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection: a randomized controlled clinical trial--AIDS Clinical Trials Group 328.

Background: Interleukin 2 (IL-2) administration increases CD4 counts in persons with higher counts. This study investigated persons with moderately advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Methods: Two hundred four patients with CD4 T-cell counts from 50/microL to 350/microL who were treatment naive or had been treated only with reverse transcriptase inhibitors began a specified protease inhibitor HAART regimen.

Transmission of HIV-1 from an obstetrician to a patient during a caesarean section.

We describe a probable case of HIV-1 transmission from a healthcare worker (HCW) to a patient during a caesarean section. Genetic distance comparisons of the viral sequence of the C2V4 region of the viruses from the patient and the obstetrician showed an average nucleotide sequence divergence of 3% (2.8-3.

Cytomegalovirus-specific immunity and protection against viremia and disease in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

To define the immune correlates of protection against cytomegalovirus (CMV) end-organ disease, CMV-specific interferon (IFN)- gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) and CD8(+) and CD4(+) intracellular IFN- gamma synthesis assays were performed for subjects with CD4(+) cell counts of < or =50 cells/ microL who were enrolled in a prospective observational study of CMV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Of 87 subjects, 46 developed viremia, 14 developed end-organ disease, and 20 died. Positive ELISPOT assay results, but not positive results for CD4(+) or CD8(+) intracellular IFN- gamma synthesis, were associated with delayed development of viremia and CMV end-organ disease or death.

Cryptococcal meningitis in a patient with X-linked hyper-IgM1 syndrome.

A case is reported of cryptococcal meningitis in a 27-y-old male suffering from X-linked hyper-IgM1 syndrome. This congenital disorder is characterized by multiple infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, but also opportunistic infections commonly seen in patients with cell-mediated immunity. His clinical recovery was good but the need for life-long secondary chemoprophylaxis to prevent relapses is unknown.

Altered replicative capacity of recombinant HIV type 1 containing mutations at codons 26 and 29 of the viral protease.

HIV-1 protease activity is essential for viral replication. In spite of the high rates of HIV mutation, the active site of protease (residues 24-29) is a conserved site, where mutations have not been previously described. To determine the effect of mutations at positions T26 and A29 of the viral protease and its viability in recombinant HIV-1 strains, Sup-t1 cells were transfected by electroporation with PCR products from a protease containing the 26X or 29X mutation.

HIV-1 drug resistance in subjects with advanced HIV-1 infection in whom antiretroviral combination therapy is failing: a substudy of AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 388.

We evaluated phenotypic and genotypic markers of drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) at the time of virologic failure (VF) in subjects in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 388 (ACTG 388) who received lamivudine-zidovudine (or lamivudine-stavudine) and either indinavir, efavirenz-indinavir, or nelfinavir-indinavir. At VF, phenotypically susceptible HIV-1 was found in 55% of subjects in the nelfinavir-indinavir arm, compared with 22% in the indinavir arm (P=.006).

A randomized trial of 2 different 4-drug antiretroviral regimens versus a 3-drug regimen, in advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease.

To compare long-term virologic benefits of antiretroviral regimens in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, a randomized, open-label study was conducted of 517 subjects with no or limited previous experience with antiretroviral therapy. Subjects received lamivudine plus zidovudine and indinavir (indinavir group), efavirenz plus indinavir (efavirenz + indinavir group), or nelfinavir plus indinavir (nelfinavir + indinavir group) and were monitored for 2.1 years.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden, CMV end-organ disease, and survival in subjects with advanced HIV infection (AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 360).

We undertook a prospective study to analyze cytomegalovirus (CMV) end-organ disease (EOD) in subjects with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Of 403 individuals without prior CMV EOD who were followed up for a median of 151 weeks, 56 died and 21 developed CMV EOD. Twenty of the subjects with CMV EOD had CD4 cell counts of < or =50 cells/mm3 and HIV RNA level of >10,000 copies/mL of plasma at baseline; in these 20 subjects, an increase of CMV DNA level to greater than the quantification limits was associated with CMV EOD.

Effect of etanercept (Enbrel) on interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and markers of immune activation in HIV-infected subjects receiving interleukin 2.

The effect of etanercept, a soluble p75 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor:Fc fusion protein (Enbrel; Immunex, Seattle, WA) on plasma cytokines was evaluated in 11 HIV-infected subjects receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for 28 weeks with or without subcutaneous or intravenous recombinant human interleukin 2 (rhIL-2). Plasma IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels increased after rhIL-2 treatment. Etanercept pretreatment attenuated these increases.

Detection of replication-competent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in cultures from patients with levels of HIV-1 RNA in plasma suppressed to less than 500 or 50 copies per milliliter.

We determined the frequency with which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures convert from positive to negative in subjects enrolled in a substudy of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 320, which compared the efficacy of treatment with a combination of indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine (indinavir arm) to that of a combination of zidovudine and lamivudine (dual-nucleoside arm). All subjects included for study had positive baseline HIV cultures. Cultures were performed in real time with 10(7) fresh patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using the ACTG consensus method.

HIV and cytomegalovirus viral load and clinical outcomes in AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis patients: Monoclonal Antibody Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Trial.

Objective: To determine the association of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia with mortality and CMV retinitis progression in newly diagnosed and relapsed CMV retinitis.

Design: Ancillary study of a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III clinical trial.

Patients: A total of 83 patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis, enrolled during the first phase of the Monoclonal Antibody Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Trial, were administered MSL-109 or placebo as adjuvant therapy for CMV retinitis.