Prevalence of acute kidney injury and outcome in cats treated as inpatients versus outpatients following lily exposure.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and outcome in cats treated for lily exposure as inpatients (IPs) or outpatients (OPs).

Methods: Medical records of cats with lily exposure were retrospectively evaluated; 112 cats were included. Signalment, type of exposure, time from exposure to presentation, decontamination procedures, treatment group (IPs vs OPs), creatinine and International Renal Interest Society AKI grade at specific time points (initial presentation, 0 to 24 hours, 24 to 48 hours, and 48 hours to 2 weeks), whether an AKI developed at any point, whether AKI grade was static or improved when comparing baseline to last documented AKI grade, and outcome (alive or dead/euthanized) were recorded.

Clinical course and radiographic resolution of pneumonia in dogs treated with a shorter versus longer course of antimicrobials: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study.

Objective: To describe clinical and radiographic outcomes in dogs with uncomplicated pneumonia receiving a shorter (2-week) versus longer (4-week) duration of antimicrobial therapy.

Animals: 30 client-owned dogs with radiographic evidence of pneumonia.

Methods: Dogs were randomly assigned to either a 2-week course of antimicrobials followed by a 2-week course of placebo medication (2-week group) or a 4-week course of antimicrobials (4-week group).

Resolution of Canine Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy and Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Following Four Plasmapheresis Treatments.

An 8 mo old spayed female mixed-breed dog was presented for pale mucous membranes. The dog was diagnosed with intravascular immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and was started on medical management including corticosteroids, thromboprophylaxis, a packed red blood cell transfusion, and IV immunoglobulin. The dog developed severe hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin 48.

Difficult catheterization and previous urethral obstruction are associated with lower urinary tract tears in cats with urethral obstruction.

Objective: To retrospectively assess the hospital prevalence and risk factors associated with iatrogenic lower urinary tear in cats with urethral obstruction (UO).

Animals: 15 client-owned cats diagnosed with concurrent UO and lower urinary tears and year-matched control population of 45 cats diagnosed with UO.

Methods: University teaching hospital records were reviewed for cats presenting with UO between January 2010 and December 2022.

Increased incidence and shift in the location of gunshot wound injuries in dogs and cats during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and patterns of gunshot wound trauma in patients that were presented to an urban level 1 veterinary trauma center before and after the start of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Animals: 24 dogs and 1 cat.

Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients presenting with gunshot wound injuries between March 2018 and February 2020 (prepandemic) and March 2020 and February 2022 (pandemic).

Emesis induction is successful for recovery of gastric foreign objects in cats.

Objective: To prospectively assess the efficacy of emesis induction for the recovery of gastric foreign objects in cats and to determine if any factors influenced recovery.

Animals: 22 client-owned cats.

Procedures: Cats for which emesis induction was deemed appropriate were administered an emetic agent by the attending clinician between October 2018 and April 2021.

Animal Trauma Triage Score, Modified Glasgow Coma Scale, age, and weight were associated with outcome in feline bite wounds (1,065 cases): a VetCOT registry study.

Objective: To identify associations between admission variables, Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) score, and Modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MGCS) score with need for transfusion or surgical interventions and survival to discharge in cats with bite wounds.

Animals: 1,065 cats with bite wounds.

Procedures: Records of cats with bite wounds were obtained from the VetCOT registry from April 2017 to June 2021.

Evaluation of coccygeal and radial artery Doppler blood pressure measurements in sick cats with and without abnormalities in tissue perfusion.

Objective: To compare systolic blood pressure measured by Doppler (SBP) taken from the coccygeal artery versus common digital branch of the radial artery in cats with normal and poor perfusion parameters.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Setting: University Teaching Hospital.

Predictors of inflammatory lower airway disease in cats presented to the emergency room in respiratory distress: a case-control study.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to identify whether venous blood gas (VBG) variables may serve as a predictor of inflammatory lower airway disease (ILAD) in cats presenting with respiratory distress. A secondary objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic utility of patient signalment, history and physical examination findings, as compared with VBG variables.

Methods: The medical records of cats presenting with respiratory distress secondary to ILAD (54 cases) and non-ILAD (121 controls) were retrospectively reviewed.

Multicenter evaluation of decompressive cystocentesis in the treatment of cats with urethral obstruction.

Objective: To investigate whether decompressive cystocentesis (DC) safely facilitates urethral catheterization (UC) in cats with urethral obstruction (UO).

Animals: 88 male cats with UO.

Procedures: Cats were randomly assigned to receive DC prior to UC (ie, DC group cats; n = 44) or UC only (ie, UC group cats; 44).

Evaluation of the rectal-interdigital temperature gradient as a diagnostic marker of shock in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the difference in the rectal-interdigital temperature gradient (RITG) between dogs that were presented to an emergency room with clinical signs of shock compared to those without signs of shock, and if this gradient can be used as a diagnostic marker for shock.

Design: Prospective, single center, observational study conducted from 2014 to 2015.

Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital.

Focused cardiac ultrasound and point-of-care NT-proBNP assay in the emergency room for differentiation of cardiac and noncardiac causes of respiratory distress in cats.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) and point-of-care N-terminal proBNP assay in the emergency setting for differentiation of cardiac from noncardiac causes of respiratory distress in cats.

Design: Prospective diagnostic accuracy study between 2014 and 2016.

Setting: Emergency room at an urban university teaching hospital.

A prospective randomized, double-blinded clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of bupivacaine versus morphine-bupivacaine in caudal epidurals in cats with urethral obstruction.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the caudal epidural technique in cats with urethral obstruction (UO).

Design: Prospective, double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled study.

Animals: Eighty-eight male cats with UO.

Investigation of focused cardiac ultrasound in the emergency room for differentiation of respiratory and cardiac causes of respiratory distress in dogs.

Objective: To determine whether focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) performed by emergency and critical care (ECC) specialists or residents in training improves differentiation of cardiac (C) versus non-cardiac (NC) causes of respiratory distress in dogs compared to medical history and physical examination alone.

Design: Prospective cohort study (May 2014 to February 2016).

Setting: University hospital.

Evaluation of the relationship between peripheral pulse palpation and Doppler systolic blood pressure in dogs presenting to an emergency service.

Objective: To assess the association between peripheral pulse palpation and Doppler-derived systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement in dogs presenting to an emergency service.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital.

Evaluation of the use of shock index in identifying acute blood loss in healthy blood donor dogs.

Objective: To determine if shock index (SI) would increase following blood donation and if it would be a more sensitive assessment of acute blood loss as compared with heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and plasma lactate.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Retrospective evaluation of and risk factor analysis for presumed fluid overload in cats with urethral obstruction: 11 cases (2002-2012).

Objective: To describe patient characteristics, treatment, and outcome in male cats with urethral obstruction (UO) and fluid overload (FO), and to determine risk factors for the development of FO.

Design: Retrospective case-control study from 2002-2012.

Animals: Eleven client-owned cats with UO that developed respiratory distress secondary to suspected FO and 51 control cats with UO without FO.

The effect of prazosin on outcome in feline urethral obstruction.

Objective: To determine whether prazosin administration following urethral obstruction (UO) reduces the risk for recurrent urethral obstruction (rUO) or lower urinary tract signs, and to document adverse effects associated with prazosin use in cats.

Design: Double-blinded, prospective, interventional study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Point-of-Care Glucose and Ketone Monitoring.

Early and rapid identification of hypo- and hyperglycemia as well as ketosis is essential for the practicing veterinarian as these conditions can be life threatening and require emergent treatment. Point-of-care testing for both glucose and ketone is available for clinical use and it is important for the veterinarian to understand the limitations and potential sources of error with these tests. This article discusses the devices used to monitor blood glucose including portable blood glucose meters, point-of-care blood gas analyzers and continuous glucose monitoring systems.

Prediction of systolic blood pressure using peripheral pulse palpation in cats.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of peripheral pulse palpation to predict systolic blood pressure (SBP) in cats presenting as emergencies.

Design: Prospective observational study performed over an 8-month period.

Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital.

Development of anemia, phlebotomy practices, and blood transfusion requirements in 45 critically ill cats (2009-2011).

Objective: To describe the incidence of the development of anemia, the number of phlebotomies performed daily, the approximate volume of blood withdrawn, the transfusion requirements and their association with duration of hospitalization and survival to discharge in critically ill cats.

Design: Retrospective study from January 2009 to January 2011.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Association of blood lactate concentration with physical perfusion variables, blood pressure, and outcome for cats treated at an emergency service.

Objective: To determine the association of blood lactate concentration with physically assessed perfusion variables, systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), and outcome in cats evaluated by an emergency service.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Animals: 111 cats.

Sewing needle foreign body ingestion in dogs and cats: 65 cases (2000-2012).

Objective: To characterize clinical signs, diagnostic test results, foreign body location, treatment, and outcome for dogs and cats with sewing needle foreign bodies.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 65 dogs and cats with sewing needle foreign bodies.

Comparison of rectal and axillary temperatures in dogs and cats.

Objective: To compare rectal versus axillary temperatures in dogs and cats.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Animals: 94 dogs and 31 cats.

Multicenter prospective evaluation of dogs with trauma.

Objective: To determine hospital admission variables for dogs with trauma including values determined with scoring systems (animal trauma triage [ATT], modified Glasgow coma scale [MGCS], and acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation [APPLE] scores) and the usefulness of such variables for the prediction of outcome (death vs survival to hospital discharge).

Design: Prospective, multicenter, cohort study.

Animals: 315 client-owned dogs.