A Single-Center Retrospective Study of Acute Kidney Injury Incidence in Patients With Advanced Malignancies Treated With Antimitochondrial Targeted Drug.

Introduction: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathophysiology of kidney disease. Inhibitors of mitochondrial metabolism are being developed for the treatment of solid organ and hematologic malignancies. We describe the incidence and clinical features of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients treated with the antimitochondrial drug CPI-613.

Differential influences of ethanol on early exposure to racemic methylphenidate compared with dexmethylphenidate in humans.

Enantioselective hydrolysis of oral racemic methylphenidate (dl-MPH) by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) limits the absolute bioavailability of the pharmacologically active d-MPH isomer to approximately 30% and that of the inactive l-MPH to only 1-2%. Coadministration of dl-MPH with ethanol results in elevated d-MPH plasma concentrations accompanied by CES1-mediated enantioselective transesterification of l-MPH to l-ethylphenidate (EPH). The present study tested the hypothesis that administration of the pure isomer dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH) will overcome the influence of ethanol on d-MPH absorption by eliminating competitive CES1-mediated presystemic metabolism of l-MPH to l-EPH.

Long-term dose response of trabecular bone in mice to proton radiation.

Astronauts on exploratory missions will experience a complex environment, including microgravity and radiation. While the deleterious effects of unloading on bone are well established, fewer studies have focused on the effects of radiation. We previously demonstrated that 2 Gy of ionizing radiation has deleterious effects on trabecular bone in mice 4 months after exposure.