Community-led approaches to making naloxone available in public settings: Implementation experiences in the HEALing communities study.

Background: Expanding public naloxone access is a key strategy to reduce opioid overdose fatalities. We describe tailored community-engaged, data-driven approaches to install and maintain naloxone housing units (naloxone boxes) in New York State and estimate the cost of these approaches.

Methods: Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we collected data from administrative records and key informant interviews that documented the unique processes employed by four counties enrolled in the HEALing Communities Study to install and maintain naloxone housing units.

Economic Evaluations of Establishing Opioid Overdose Prevention Centers in 12 North American Cities: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Overdose prevention centers (OPCs) provide a safe place where people can consume preobtained drugs under supervision so that a life-saving medical response can be provided quickly in the event of an overdose. OPCs are programs that are established in Canada and have recently become legally sanctioned in only a few United States jurisdictions.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review that summarizes and identifies gaps of economic evidence on establishing OPCs in North America to guide future expansion of OPCs.

Economic Evaluations of Pharmacologic Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review.

Objective: The crisis of opioid use puts a strain on resources in the United States and worldwide. There are 3 US Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for treatment of opioid use disorder: methadone, buprenorphine, and injectable extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX). The comparative effectiveness and cost vary considerably among these 3 medications.

Barriers to biomedical care for people with epilepsy in Uganda: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Epilepsy, a neurological disorder with effective biomedical treatment, remains largely untreated in Uganda. Potential reasons for this treatment gap (TG) include limited access to trained providers and clinics, social stigmata of seizures, cultural beliefs, or lack of public understanding of epilepsy as a treatable condition. The current study aimed to formally evaluate barriers faced by people with epilepsy (PWE) in Uganda when seeking biomedical care.

Parental drug use and racial and ethnic disproportionality in the U.S. foster care system.

Background And Aims: Following nearly a decade of entry declines, foster care entries in the United States began to rise steadily since 2012, largely because of dramatic increases in home removals involving parental drug use (PDU). America's ongoing opioid crisis and recent changes in drug policies have been associated with the growth in PDU entries. The extent to which these and other recent factors have affected historical racial/ethnic differences in the foster care system is unknown.

Pluralistic and singular causal attributions for epilepsy in Uganda.

Objective: In Uganda, causal attributions for epilepsy reflect a variety of beliefs and impact care-seeking behavior, perpetuate stigma, and undermine the effectiveness of interventions to narrow the epilepsy treatment gap. The objective of this study was to characterize beliefs about seizure etiology to gain a better understanding of how epilepsy is conceptualized in the community in order to inform culturally appropriate educational policies and interventions.

Methods: In a community-based study, 15,383 participants were surveyed about beliefs related to 15 potential causes for epilepsy.

Epilepsy beliefs and misconceptions among patient and community samples in Uganda.

Objective: The objective of the study was to characterize and compare the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions about epilepsy across community and patient cohorts in Uganda.

Methods: This was a descriptive study utilizing two samples: a randomly selected, national survey community sample and a hospital-based patient sample of people with epilepsy (PWE) and their caregivers attending clinic settings in Kampala and Mbarara, Uganda for epilepsy care. Both samples were surveyed about their beliefs about epilepsy, its treatment, and people who have the illness.

Stakeholder views of the practical and cultural barriers to epilepsy care in Uganda.

Objective: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent, treatable neurological diseases globally. In sub-Saharan Africa, people with epilepsy (PWE) frequently seek treatment from traditional or pastoral healers, who are more accessible than biomedical care providers. This often contributes to the substantial time delay in obtaining adequate biomedical care for these patients.