Acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on atherosclerosis, kynurenine pathway, endothelial function and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease: a clinical trial protocol.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Patients with CAD exhibit increased levels of kynurenine (KYN) pathway (KP) metabolites, which are key products of tryptophan (TRP) catabolism and have been identified as predictive markers for cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis progression. However, the effects of exercise on KP metabolites and their influence on atherosclerosis and inflammation in these patients remain poorly understood.