Prevalence and characterization of an integrative and conjugative element carrying tet(X) gene in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica.

Objectives: To investigate the tet(X) gene, a determinant of tigecycline resistance, in the emerging pathogen Elizabethkingia meningoseptica and its association with an integrative and conjugative element (ICE).

Methods: All E. meningoseptica genomes from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (n = 87) were retrieved and annotated for resistome searches using the CARD database.

Unveiling the genome of a high-risk pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae emerging in the Brazilian Amazon Region, 2022.

Background: Pandrug-resistant (PDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae has been reported sporadically in many countries and remains rare in Brazil.

Objectives: This study unravelled the genetic determinants involved with the PDR background of a clinical ST11 K. pneumoniae recovered in the Brazilian Amazon Region, where K.

Persistence of a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) International Clone II (ST2/IC2) sub-lineage involved with outbreaks in two Brazilian clinical settings.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii international clone II (IC2) is a widespread pandemic clone, however, it is rarely described in South America. The present study reported an outbreak caused by XDR IC2 strains in a clinical setting in Rio de Janeiro in 2022.

Methods: Molecular epidemiology analysis was conducted with MLST to determine the clonal relationship and to assign a sequence type.

Outbreak of high-risk XDR CRAB of international clone 2 (IC2) in Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Objectives: Among the high-risk clones of Acinetobacter baumannii, called international clones (ICs), IC2 represents the main lineage causing outbreaks worldwide. Despite the successful global spread of IC2, the occurrence of IC2 is rarely reported in Latin America. Here, we aimed to evaluate the susceptibility and genetic relatedness of isolates from a nosocomial outbreak in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil (2022) and perform genomic epidemiology analyses of the available genomes of A.

Global Genomic Epidemiology of (ExPEC) ST38 Lineage Revealed a Virulome Associated with Human Infections.

Background: Most of the extraintestinal human infections worldwide are caused by specific extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) lineages, which also present a zoonotic character. One of these lineages belongs to ST38, a high-risk globally disseminated ExPEC. To get insights on the aspects of the global ST38 epidemiology and evolution as a multidrug-resistant and pathogenic lineage concerning the three axes of the One Health concept (humans, animals, and natural environments), this study performed a global phylogenomic analysis on ST38 genomes.

MALDI-TOF MS database expansion for identification of Bacillus and related genera isolated from a pharmaceutical facility.

Bacillus and related genera are among the main bacterial groups isolated from pharmaceutical production areas. The identification of Bacillus species and related genera by classical methods is particularly difficult, due to similarities between closely related species. The Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is one of the most promising techniques for chemotaxonomic characterization of microorganisms, being an alternative to genotypic methods.

Multidrug-resistant infection in a companion cat () in Brazil.

is a fast-growing bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen implicated in human and animal infections. Here we report the first case and genetic characterization of a strain of isolated from skin lesions of a companion cat with atypical cutaneous mycobacteriosis in Brazil. In addition, the genome of this strain was sequenced, representing the first genome of this opportunistic pathogen isolated from an animal infection.

Integron Functionality and Genome Innovation: An Update on the Subtle and Smart Strategy of Integrase and Gene Cassette Expression Regulation.

Integrons are considered hot spots for bacterial evolution, since these platforms allow one-step genomic innovation by capturing and expressing genes that provide advantageous novelties, such as antibiotic resistance. The acquisition and shuffling of gene cassettes featured by integrons enable the population to rapidly respond to changing selective pressures. However, in order to avoid deleterious effects and fitness burden, the integron activity must be tightly controlled, which happens in an elegant and elaborate fashion, as discussed in detail in the present review.

Assessment of VITEK® 2, MALDI-TOF MS and full gene 16S rRNA sequencing for aerobic endospore-forming bacteria isolated from a pharmaceutical facility.

VITEK®2, MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequencing were evaluated for the identification of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria (AEB) from a pharmaceutical facility. MALDI-TOF MS demonstrated higher accuracy compared to VITEK®2, although both databases were insufficient to identify AEB species. Sequencing was the best methodology, but unable to identify closely related species.

Mycolicibacterium fortuitum genomic epidemiology, resistome and virulome.

Background: Mycolicibacterium fortuitum is an opportunistic pathogen associated with human and animal infection worldwide. Studies concerning this species are mainly represented by case reports, some of them addressing drug susceptibility with a focus on a specific geographic region, so there is a gap in relation to the global epidemiological scenario.

Objectives: We aimed determine the global epidemiological scenario of M.

Emergence of a VIM-2-producing extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST309 in South America: a comparative genomic analysis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered a top priority pathogen associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. Worldwide outbreaks have been associated with a few high-risk epidemic P. aeruginosa lineages.

Acinetobacter baumannii infections in Amazon Region driven by extensively drug resistant international clones, 2016-2018.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of nosocomial infections. This species is characterised by the presence of pandemic lineages (International Clones) that present a broad antimicrobial resistance profile.

Objective: To perform the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant A.

Emergence of extensively drug-resistant international clone IC-6 Acinetobacter baumannii carrying bla and bla in the Brazilian Amazon region.

Objectives: The extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii international clone VI (IC-6) has been identified worldwide since 2006. This study reports the emergence of IC-6 in the Brazilian Amazon region and reveals the particular genomic features considering its mobilome and resistome.

Methods: A total of 32 carbapenem-resistant A.

The Resistome of Low-Impacted Marine Environments Is Composed by Distant Metallo-β-Lactamases Homologs.

The worldwide dispersion and sudden emergence of new antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) determined the need in uncovering which environment participate most as their source and reservoir. ARGs closely related to those currently found in human pathogens occur in the resistome of anthropogenic impacted environments. However, the role of pristine environment as the origin and source of ARGs remains underexplored and controversy, particularly, the marine environments represented by the oceans.

Complete plasmid sequence carrying type IV-like and type VII secretion systems from an atypical mycobacteria strain.

The genus Mycobacterium is highly diverse and ubiquitous in nature, comprehending fast- and slow-growing species with distinct impact in public health. The plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer represents one of the major events in bacteria evolution. Here, we report the complete sequence of a 160,489 bp circular plasmid (pCBMA213_2) from an atypical and fast-growing environmental mycobacteria.

The invasive MenC cc103 lineage with penicillin reduced susceptibility persisting in Brazil.

Penicillin is the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of meningococcal infections, and mutations in penA gene are involved with reduced susceptibility (pen) emergence to this antibiotic. This study aimed to characterize the penA allelic diversity, their association with pen phenotype and distribution among prevalent meningococci serogroups in Brazil. The entire penA from 49 invasive strains of distinct serogroups circulating in Brazil for more than two decades were obtained by PCR and sequencing.

A one-step multiplex PCR to identify Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella variicola, and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae in the clinical routine.

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella variicola and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae are difficult to differentiate phenotypically, leading to misinterpretation of their infection prevalence. We propose a multiplex PCR for bla, bla and bla and their flanking gene (deoR). Since this scheme focuses only on chromosomal genes, it will be feasible for Klebsiella identification in the clinical routine.

Full characterization of the integrative and conjugative element carrying the metallo-β-lactamase bla SPM-1 and bicyclomycin bcr1 resistance genes found in the pandemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone SP/ST277.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the genomic context of the bla SPM-1 gene in Brazilian strains belonging to the pandemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone SP/ST277.

Methods: WGS of clone SP/ST277 strains was performed using a Nextera paired-end library in an Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencer. bla SPM-1 context was assessed by de novo assembly and gene prediction and annotation tools.

Complete genome sequence of a clinical Bordetella pertussis isolate from Brazil.

There has been a resurgence in the number of pertussis cases in Brazil and around the world. Here, the genome of a clinical Bordetella pertussis strain (Bz181) that was recently isolated in Brazil is reported. Analysis of the virulence-associated genes defining the pre- and post-vaccination lineages revealed the presence of the prn2-ptxS1A-fim3B-ptxP3 allelic profile in Bz181, which is characteristic of the current pandemic lineage.

Worldwide occurrence of integrative conjugative element encoding multidrug resistance determinants in epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1.

In the last decades, there has been an increase of cholera epidemics caused by multidrug resistant strains. Particularly, the integrative and conjugative element (ICE) seems to play a major role in the emergence of multidrug resistant Vibrio cholerae. This study fully characterized, by whole genome sequencing, new ICEs carried by multidrug resistant V.