Prevalence estimates of trafficking in persons using statistical definitions: a cross-sectional high-risk community survey in Cape Town, South Africa.

Objectives: Current research on trafficking in persons (TIP) relies heavily on legal and prosecutorial definitions. A public health approach has called for population-level assessment; however, identification of TIP victims lacks a standardised operational definition. This study applied the Prevalence Reduction Innovation Forum (PRIF) statistical definitions, developed by the US Department of State, to a community survey in Cape Town, South Africa.

ICD-10-CM codes infrequently used to document human trafficking in 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample.

Introduction: People who experience human trafficking (HT) visit emergency departments (ED). The International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) introduced codes to document HT in June 2018. The aim of this study is to identify characteristics of ED patients who experienced forced labor or sexual exploitation as a documented external cause of morbidity in US visits.

Service providers' perspectives on substance use and treatment needs among human trafficking survivors.

Introduction: Understanding substance use and treatment needs for survivors of human trafficking remains an underdeveloped area in the field of substance use treatment. This study assessed the nature of substance use among survivors of all types of human trafficking and identified treatment barriers and needs, as reported by human trafficking service providers in one Midwest major metropolitan area.

Methods: Participants were purposively selected from agencies that served foreign-born and domestic-born survivors of human trafficking.

Listening to Transgender Patients and Their Providers in Non-Metropolitan Spaces: Needs, Gaps, and Patient-Provider Discrepancies.

Trans and gender non-conforming (TGNC) patients need better care; providers need TGNC focused medical trainings. TGNC health conferences can help, yet these events occur mostly in urban centers. Meanwhile, patients in non-metropolitan areas often face significant discrimination and notably poor access to TGNC care.

A Qualitative Scoping Review of Transgender and Gender Non-conforming People's Physical Healthcare Experiences and Needs.

Trans and gender non-conforming (TGNC) people experience poor health care and health outcomes. We conducted a qualitative scoping review of studies addressing TGNC people's experiences receiving physical health care to inform research and practice solutions. A systematic search resulted in 35 qualitative studies for analysis.

"When Her Visa Expired, the Family Refused to Renew It," Intersections of Human Trafficking and Domestic Violence: Qualitative Document Analysis of Case Examples from a Major Midwest City.

This study aimed to further understand typologies of trafficking that occur in the home, by an individual's intimate partner (IP) or family members and this overlap with extant knowledge on perpetrator manipulation via the Power and Control Wheel. Inductive and deductive techniques were used to analyze secondary data from a federally funded anti-trafficking program in a Midwest metropolitan area recorded between 2008 and 2017. Cases were included if there was indication of sex or labor exploitation initiated by an IP, family member, or other in the domestic setting via elements of abuse; 59 cases of 213 met this criteria.

Sex Trafficking Knowledge and Training: Implications From Environmental Scanning in the American Midwest.

Large gaps exist in our knowledge about the effectiveness of sex trafficking training. This study surveyed knowledge and training regarding sex trafficking among service providers ( = 66; i.e.

Examining Recidivism in a Prostitution Diversion Program.

Street-based sex work is criminalized throughout much of the U.S. Diversion programs have shown mixed results.

Reports and Victims of Sex and Labor Trafficking in a Major Midwest Metropolitan Area, 2008-2017.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the number, risk factors, and demographic characteristics of potential human trafficking victims from tips reported to a social services agency in a major Midwest metropolitan area from 2008 through 2017.

Methods: The agency, comprising 90 employees serving more than 10 000 persons annually, received federal funding to raise awareness about trafficking and to identify and support persons who are at risk for trafficking through training, coalition building, direct outreach and service, and case management. We, the authors, counted the numbers of tips and potential victims reported to the agency by year, type of trafficking, economic sector, sex, region of origin, and age and looked for new risk factors for trafficking.

Exploring the Use of Photo-Stories and Fiction Writing to Address HIV Stigma Among Health Professions Students.

HIV/AIDS stigma exists in healthcare and is harmful to people living with HIV (PLWH). Few anti-stigma interventions target undergraduate health professions students, although evidence supports reaching providers early in their training. We developed two different arts-based interventions based on Intergroup Contact Theory: a Photovoice intervention in which they viewed photo-stories of PLWH and a fiction writing intervention in which they developed characters with HIV.

Understanding How Solidarity Groups-A Community-Based Economic and Psychosocial Support Intervention-Can Affect Mental Health for Survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Solidarity groups were established in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo to provide female survivors of conflict-related sexual violence an opportunity to generate income, establish networks of support, and cope with atrocities. Qualitative data were collected from 12 members of solidarity groups to explore factors that contributed to members' mental health. All women identified some improvement (physiological, psychological, economic, or social) since joining the solidarity group, but none of the women were free from ailments.

A scoping review of the associations between mental health and factors related to HIV acquisition and disease progression in conflict-affected populations.

The association between poor mental health and factors related to HIV acquisition and disease progression (also referred to as HIV-related factors) may be stronger among conflict-affected populations given elevated rates of mental health disorders. We conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify evidence-based associations between mental health (depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) and factors related to HIV acquisition and progression in conflict-affected populations. Five electronic databases were searched on October 10, 2014 and updated on March 7, 2017 to identify peer-reviewed publications presenting primary data from January 1, 1994 to March 7, 2017.

A Scoping Review of Photovoice Research Among People With HIV.

We describe how Photovoice-a participatory method in which people express and share ideas via images-has been used in research with people living with HIV (PLWH). Four databases, reference lists, and journal tables of content were searched to identify peer-reviewed original research, in English, using Photovoice with a sample of PLWH, between 1994 and 2016. Of 1,898 citations identified, 22 studies were included.

Association between self-reported sexually transmitted infection treatment and mental health symptoms in conflict-affected eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Although poor mental health has been associated with sexual risk behavior, few studies have examined the association between mental health and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in conflict-affected settings. With elevated symptoms of poor mental health in conflict-affected settings, it is important to consider if and how mental health may be a risk factor for STIs in these settings. We used cross-sectional logistic regression to examine the association between symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with having been treated for an STI in rural South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Exploration and Comparison of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Caregiver's Perspectives on Transitioning to Adult Health Care and Adulthood.

Background: Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience challenges achieving independence. Few studies assess both adolescents and caregivers' needs as adolescents transition to adult health care.

Objective/methods: This study explored and compared the health-related independence experiences of 27 adolescents with ASD and their caregivers.