Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 and Incident Non-Communicable Diseases: Findings from a 15-Year Follow Up of Women from the 1973-78 Cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and multimorbidity (≥two chronic conditions), are increasing globally. Diet is a risk factor for some NCDs. We aimed to investigate the association between diet quality (DQ) and incident NCDs.

The Barriers and Facilitators of Sport and Physical Activity Participation for Aboriginal Children in Rural New South Wales, Australia: A Photovoice Project.

Participating in physical activity is beneficial for health. Whilst Aboriginal children possess high levels of physical activity, this declines rapidly by early adolescence. Low physical activity participation is a behavioral risk factor for chronic disease, which is present at much higher rates in Australian Aboriginal communities compared to non-Aboriginal communities.

Mixed Method Evaluation of a Graduate Student Teaching and Learning Internship Program.

In recognition of the need to better prepare doctoral candidates with teaching and learning competencies, we devised an innovative internship program in the form of a structured apprenticeship and trialed it in public health higher education. The paid internship was comprised of: (i) Mentoring from an experienced educator, (ii) Structured program of education in pedagogy and curriculum design, and (iii) Opportunities for applied experience. Eleven interns completed the apprenticeship in its first 2 years.

Diet Quality and Incident Non-Communicable Disease in the 1946-1951 Cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.

Diet quality indices (DQIs) can be useful predictors of diet-disease relationships, including non-communicable disease (NCD) multimorbidity. We aimed to investigate whether overall diet quality (DQ) predicted NCD, multimorbidity, and all-cause mortality. Women from the 1945-51 cohort of the Australia Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) were included if they: responded to S3 in 2001 and at least one survey between 2004 (S4) and 2016 (S8), and had no NCD history and complete dietary data at S3.

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations.

Background: Communication is a common element in all medical consultations, affecting a range of outcomes for doctors and patients. The increasing demand for medical students to be trained to communicate effectively has seen the emergence of interpersonal communication skills as core graduate competencies in medical training around the world. Medical schools have adopted a range of approaches to develop and evaluate these competencies.

Diet Quality Indices Used in Australian and New Zealand Adults: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal.

Distilling the complexity of overall diet into a simple measure or summative score by data reduction methods has become a common practice in nutritional epidemiology. Recent reviews on diet quality indices (DQI) have highlighted the importance of sound construction criteria and validation. The aim of this current review was to identify and critically appraise all DQI used within Australian and New Zealand adult populations.

A 15-year follow-up study on long-term adherence to health behaviour recommendations in women diagnosed with breast cancer.

Background: Whilst a cancer diagnosis may prompt health behaviour change, there is limited evidence regarding whether such changes are maintained in the long-term. We aimed to investigate the impact of cancer diagnosis on health behaviour changes over the long-term survivorship period among breast cancer survivors (BCSs).

Methods: The sample comprised 153 BCSs and 4778 cancer-free women, aged 49-55 years in 2001 (our baseline), from the 1946-1951 birth cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.

Efficiency Considerations for SnO-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

A comparative study of mesoporous thin films based on SnO (rutile) and TiO (anatase) nanocrystallites sensitized to visible light with [Ru(dtb)(dcb)](PF), where dtb = 4,4'-(-butyl)-2,2'-bipyridine and dcb = 4,4'-(COH)-2,2'-bipyridine, in CHCN electrolyte solutions is reported to identify the reason(s) for the low efficiency of SnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Pulsed laser excitation resulted in rapid excited state injection ( > 10 s) followed by sensitizer regeneration through iodide oxidation to yield an interfacial charge separated state abbreviated as MO(e)|Ru + I. Spectral features associated with I and the injected electron MO(e) were observed as well as a hypsochromic shift of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer absorption of the sensitizer attributed to an electric field.

Multiple health behaviors before and after a cancer diagnosis among women: A repeated cross-sectional analysis over 15 years.

Background: Cancer diagnosis may be a cue for health behavior change. Previous research that assessed the impact of a cancer diagnosis on multiple health behavior (MHB) change is limited by small sample size, cross-sectional study design, and a focus on individual rather than multiple behaviors. This study investigated the impact of a cancer diagnosis on compliance with MHB recommendations.

Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under.

Background: Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables in childhood increases the risk of future non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Interventions to increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, such as those focused on specific child-feeding strategies and parent nutrition education interventions in early childhood may therefore be an effective strategy in reducing this disease burden.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness, cost effectiveness and associated adverse events of interventions designed to increase the consumption of fruit, vegetables or both amongst children aged five years and under.

Moderators of Exercise Effects on Cancer-related Fatigue: A Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data.

Purpose: Fatigue is a common and potentially disabling symptom in patients with cancer. It can often be effectively reduced by exercise. Yet, effects of exercise interventions might differ across subgroups.

Does Patient Preference for Mode of Intervention Delivery Impact Intervention Efficacy and Attrition?

Purpose: To explore whether there was a difference in objectively measured physical activity and study participation between people who received their preferred study group allocation (matched) and those who did not receive their preferred study group (mismatched).

Design: Secondary data from the NewCOACH randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Insufficiently active patients in the primary care settings in Sydney and Newcastle, Australia.

Electron Localization and Transport in SnO/TiO Mesoporous Thin Films: Evidence for a SnO/SnTiO/TiO Structure.

A study of SnO/TiO core/shell films was undertaken to investigate the influences of shell thickness and post deposition sintering on electron localization and transport properties. Electrochemical reduction of the materials resulted in the appearance of a broad visible-near IR absorbance that provided insights into the electronic state(s) within the core/shell structures. As the shell thickness was increased from 0.

Adherence to multiple health behaviours in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Multiple health behaviours (not smoking, minimal alcohol consumption, and maintaining a healthy weight by having a healthy diet and regular physical activity) improve quality of life and longevity of cancer survivors. Despite international guidelines, there are no existing reviews that synthesise cancer survivors' adherence to healthy lifestyle recommendations.

Method: Five databases (Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant articles published from 2007 until January 2018.

Compliance with Multiple Health Behaviour Recommendations: A Cross-Sectional Comparison between Female Cancer Survivors and Those with no Cancer History.

Lifestyle behaviours have an important role in preventing cancer, reducing treatment side effects, and improving survival and quality of life for cancer survivors. This study investigated adherence to multiple lifestyle behaviours among women with and without a cancer history. From the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) surveys, 2407 cancer survivors and 3896 controls (cancer free population) were identified.

Preliminary efficacy and feasibility of referral to exercise specialists, psychologists and provision of a technology-based behavior change support package to promote physical activity in school teachers 'at risk' of, or diagnosed with, type 2 diabetes: The 'SMART Health' Pilot Study Protocol.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health concern. Aerobic physical activity (PA) and resistance training (RT) play significant roles in the prevention and management of T2DM. The aim of this pilot trial is to determine the preliminary efficacy and confirm feasibility of referral to exercise physiologists, psychologists, and provision of a technology-based behavior change support package to promote aerobic PA and RT in school teachers 'at risk' of or diagnosed with T2DM.

Predictors of adherence to a physical activity counseling intervention delivered by exercise physiologists: secondary analysis of the NewCOACH trial data.

Background: General practitioners (GPs) cite time as a barrier to physical activity counseling. An alternative for time-poor GPs in Australia is the referral of insufficiently active patients to exercise physiologists (EPs). As data on the predictors of adherence to physical activity counseling interventions are limited, this study aimed to identify the sociodemographic, medical, health, and psychological characteristics of insufficiently active primary care patients who adhered to a physical activity counseling intervention delivered by EPs.

Targeting Exercise Interventions to Patients With Cancer in Need: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

Background: Exercise effects in cancer patients often appear modest, possibly because interventions rarely target patients most in need. This study investigated the moderator effects of baseline values on the exercise outcomes of fatigue, aerobic fitness, muscle strength, quality of life (QoL), and self-reported physical function (PF) in cancer patients during and post-treatment.

Methods: Individual patient data from 34 randomized exercise trials (n = 4519) were pooled.

Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under.

Background: Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables in childhood increases the risk of future non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Interventions to increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, such as those focused on specific child-feeding strategies and parent nutrition education interventions in early childhood may therefore be an effective strategy in reducing this disease burden.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness, cost effectiveness and associated adverse events of interventions designed to increase the consumption of fruit, vegetables or both amongst children aged five years and under.

Process redesign of a surgical pathway improves access to cataract surgery for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in South East Queensland.

The Institute for Urban Indigenous Health (IUIH) aimed to improve access to cataract surgery in urban South East Queensland (SEQ) for Indigenous Australians, without compromising clinical visual outcomes. The Penchansky and Levesque concept of access as the 'fit' between the patient's needs and the ability of the system to meet those needs was used to inform the redesign of the mainstream cataract surgical pathway. The IUIH staff and community stakeholders mapped the traditional external cataract surgical pathway and then innovatively redesigned it to reduce the number of patients being removed by the system at key transition points.

Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under.

Background: Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables in childhood increases the risk of future chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness, cost effectiveness and associated adverse events of interventions designed to increase the consumption of fruit, vegetables or both amongst children aged five years and under.

Search Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and Embase to identify eligible trials on 25 September 2017.

Physical activity coaching by Australian Exercise Physiologists is cost effective for patients referred from general practice.

Objective: Interventions to promote physical activity for sedentary patients seen in general practice may be a way to reduce the burden of chronic disease. Coaching by an exercise physiologist is publicly funded in Australia, but cost effectiveness has not been documented.

Methods: In a three-arm randomised controlled trial, face-to-face coaching and telephone coaching over 12 weeks were compared with a control group using the outcome of step count for one week at baseline, three months and twelve months.

Maintenance of Lifestyle Changes at 12-month Follow-up in a Nutrition and Physical Activity Trial for Cancer Survivors.

Objectives: In this paper, we report maintenance of behavior change in a nutrition and physical activity intervention for cancer survivors at 12-months follow-up.

Methods: The ENRICH (Exercise and Nutrition Routine Improving Cancer Health) program was an 8-week face-to-face program for cancer survivors and caregivers, focused on healthy eating, healthy weight, resistance training, and a walking program. Randomized controlled trial participants completed a survey and 7-days of pedometry at baseline, 8-weeks, and 20-weeks.