Microbiome analysis of monarch butterflies reveals effects of development and diet.

Diet profoundly influences the composition of an animal's microbiome, especially in holometabolous insects, offering a valuable model to explore the impact of diet on gut microbiome dynamics throughout metamorphosis. Here, we use monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), specialist herbivores that feed as larvae on many species of chemically well-defined milkweed plants (Asclepias sp.), to investigate the impacts of development and diet on the composition of the gut microbial community.

Probing the neurocardiac circuit in trauma and posttraumatic stress.

The neurocardiac circuit is integral to physiological regulation of threat and trauma-related responses. However, few direct investigations of brain-behavior associations with replicable physiological markers of PTSD have been conducted. The current study probed the neurocardiac circuit by examining associations among its core regions in the brain (e.

Intensive longitudinal assessment following index trauma to predict development of PTSD using machine learning.

There are significant challenges to identifying which individuals require intervention following exposure to trauma, and a need for strategies to identify and provide individuals at risk for developing PTSD with timely interventions. The present study seeks to identify a minimal set of trauma-related symptoms, assessed during the weeks following traumatic exposure, that can accurately predict PTSD. Participants were 2185 adults (Mean age=36.

The contradictory role of febuxostat in ABCG2 expression and potentiating hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy in colorectal cancers.

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is an emerging method to treat colorectal cancers (CRC). Hypericin (HYP) is an effective mediator of PDT and the ABCG2 inhibitor, Febuxostat (FBX) could augment PDT. HT29 and HEK293 cells showed light dependant cytotoxic response to PDT in both 2D and 3D cell models.

Quantitative Neuromuscular Monitoring Permits Early Diagnosis of Abnormal Butyrylcholinestrase: Two Case Studies Demonstrating Prevention of Awareness from Premature Awakening.

Administration of succinylcholine to patients with a variant in the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) gene increases the risk of anesthesia emergence prior to recovery from neuromuscular blockade (NMB). Application of quantitative neuromuscular monitoring (NMM) can identify residual NMB. We present two patients with abnormal BChE gene variants.

Post-traumatic stress and future substance use outcomes: leveraging antecedent factors to stratify risk.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis) are highly comorbid. Many factors affect this relationship, including sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics, other prior traumas, and physical health. However, few prior studies have investigated this prospectively, examining new substance use and the extent to which a wide range of factors may modify the relationship to PTSD.

Brain dynamics reflecting an intra-network brain state is associated with increased posttraumatic stress symptoms in the early aftermath of trauma.

This study examines the association between brain dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) and current/future posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom severity, and the impact of sex on this relationship. By analyzing 275 participants' dFNC data obtained ~2 weeks after trauma exposure, we noted that brain dynamics of an inter-network brain state link negatively with current (r=-0.179, = 0.

A recurrent de novo MAX p.Arg60Gln variant causes a syndromic overgrowth disorder through differential expression of c-Myc target genes.

Cyclin D2 (CCND2) stabilization underpins a range of macrocephaly-associated disorders through mutation of CCND2 or activating mutations in upstream genes encoding PI3K-AKT pathway components. Here, we describe three individuals with overlapping macrocephaly-associated phenotypes who carry the same recurrent de novo c.179G>A (p.

Tamoxifen for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms: A Phase II clinical trial and exploratory analysis.

Current therapies for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) improve symptoms but have limited effect on tumor size. In preclinical studies, tamoxifen restored normal apoptosis in mutated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). TAMARIN Phase-II, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial assessed tamoxifen's safety and activity in patients with stable MPNs, no prior thrombotic events and mutated JAK2, CALR or CALR peripheral blood allele burden ≥20% (EudraCT 2015-005497-38).

Association between microbiome and the development of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae after traumatic stress exposure.

Patients exposed to trauma often experience high rates of adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS). The biological mechanisms promoting APNS are currently unknown, but the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers an avenue to understanding mechanisms as well as possibilities for intervention. Microbiome composition after trauma exposure has been poorly examined regarding neuropsychiatric outcomes.

Prior Sexual Trauma Exposure Impacts Posttraumatic Dysfunction and Neural Circuitry Following a Recent Traumatic Event in the AURORA Study.

Background: Prior sexual trauma (ST) is associated with greater risk for posttraumatic stress disorder after a subsequent traumatic event; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain opaque. We investigated longitudinal posttraumatic dysfunction and amygdala functional dynamics following admission to an emergency department for new primarily nonsexual trauma in participants with and without previous ST.

Methods: Participants ( = 2178) were recruited following acute trauma exposure (primarily motor vehicle collision).

Improving Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists' Adherence to a Standardized Intraoperative Lung Protective Ventilation Protocol.

Purpose: The use of lung protective ventilation (LPV) during general anesthesia is an effective strategy among certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) to reduce and prevent the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. The purpose of this project was to implement a LPV protocol, assess CRNA provider adherence, and investigate differences in ventilation parameters and postoperative oxygen requirements.

Design: This quality improvement project was conducted using a pre- and postimplementation design.

D-Type Cyclins in Development and Disease.

D-type cyclins encode G1/S cell cycle checkpoint proteins, which play a crucial role in defining cell cycle exit and progression. Precise control of cell cycle exit is vital during embryonic development, with defects in the pathways regulating intracellular D-type cyclins resulting in abnormal initiation of stem cell differentiation in a variety of different organ systems. Furthermore, stabilisation of D-type cyclins is observed in a wide range of disorders characterized by cellular over-proliferation, including cancers and overgrowth disorders.

Assessing Provider Adherence To A Lung Protective Ventilation Protocol In Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery Using One-Lung Ventilation.

Patients undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV) are at risk for lung injury leading to postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Lung protective ventilation (LPV) challenges traditional anesthetic management by using lower tidal volumes, individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and recruitment maneuvers (RMs). LPV reduces driving pressure when properly applied, which reduces the incidence of PPCs.

Examining Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Young Survivors of Urban Violence.

Our study examines the association between Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among survivors of violence. In this cross-sectional study, an ACE questionnaire and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were completed by 147 participants ≤ 3 months after presenting to a Philadelphia, PA emergency department between 2014 and 2019 with a violent injury. This study treated ACEs, both separate and cumulative, as exposures and PTSD symptom severity as the outcome.

Development of a health equity journal club to address health care disparities and improve cultural competence among emergency medicine practitioners.

Health care disparities have been magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Only recently has the medical community acknowledged implicit bias and systemic racism as a public health emergency. Graduate medical education has been slow to adopt curricula beyond lecture-based formats that specifically address social determinants of health (SDOH) and its impact on communities.

Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists' Adherence to an Intraoperative Lung Protective Ventilation Protocol.

The clinical application of intraoperative mechanical ventilation is highly variable and often determined by providers' attitudes and preferences, rather than evidence. Ventilation strategies using high tidal volumes (V) with little to no positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) are associated with lung injury, increasing the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Literature demonstrates that applying lung protective ventilation (LPV) strategies intraoperatively, including low V, individualized PEEP, and alveolar recruitment maneuvers, can reduce the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Posttraumatic Stress, Depression, and Sleep Among Young Survivors of Violence.

Survivors of violence often suffer psychological harm in addition to physical wounds. This study explored (1) the prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression symptoms, and disordered sleep among young, violently injured, emergency department patients; and (2) how PTSD and depression symptoms are associated with sleep quality. Clinical scales for PTSD (PCL-5), depression (PHQ-8), and sleep (PROMIS®) were completed by 88 survivors of violent assault (gunshot, stabbing or assault) one month or less after presenting to an urban emergency department.