Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nurse-Led Brief Behavioral Intervention for Dyspnea in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer.

Purpose: In patients with lung cancer, dyspnea is one of the most prevalent and disabling symptoms, for which effective treatments are lacking. We examined the efficacy of a nurse-led brief behavioral intervention to improve dyspnea in patients with advanced lung cancer.

Methods: Patients with advanced lung cancer reporting at least moderate breathlessness (n = 247) were enrolled in a randomized trial of a nurse-led two-session intervention (focused on breathing techniques, postural positions, and fan therapy) versus usual care.

Effect of early medication adherence on behavioral treatment utilization and smoking cessation among individuals with current or past major depressive disorder.

Significance: Little is known about the mechanisms by which medication adherence promotes smoking cessation among adults with MDD. We tested the hypothesis that early adherence promotes abstinence by increasing behavioral treatment (BT) utilization.

Methods: Data for this post-hoc analysis were from a randomized trial of 149 adults with current or past MDD treated with BT and either varenicline (n = 81) or placebo (n = 68).

Depression Severity Moderates Reward Learning Among Smokers With Current or Past Major Depressive Disorder in a Smoking Cessation Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Behavioral and pharmacological smoking cessation treatments are hypothesized to increase patients' reward learning to reduce craving. Identifying changes in reward learning processes that support effective tobacco-dependence interventions among smokers who experience depression may guide patients toward efficient treatment strategies. The objective was to investigate the extent to which adult daily cigarette smokers with current or past major depressive disorder (MDD) learned to seek reward during 12 weeks of treatment combining behavioral activation and varenicline.

Seeing Through the Blind: Belief About Treatment Randomization and Smoking Cessation Outcome Among People With Current or Past Major Depressive Disorder Who Smoke in a Placebo-Controlled Trial of Varenicline.

Introduction: Blinding participants to randomization is a cornerstone of science. However, participant beliefs about their allocation can influence outcomes. We examined blind integrity, the association between trial arm belief and cessation, and potential mechanisms linking treatment arm and treatment arm belief among people with major depressive disorder (MDD) who smoke receiving varenicline in a placebo-controlled trial.

Change in cardiovascular health among adults with current or past major depressive disorder enrolled in intensive smoking cessation treatment.

Background: Elevated depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking are independently associated with poorer cardiovascular health (CVH), but it is unknown whether their treatment can synergistically improve CVH. We sought to characterize CVH of adults with comorbid depression and smoking and examine changes in CVH associated with changes in smoking and depression.

Methods: Participants (N = 300, 55 % women) were adult smokers (≥ 1 cigarette/day) with lifetime major depressive disorder enrolled in a 12-week intervention trial targeting depression and smoking.

Efficacy and safety of combination behavioral activation for smoking cessation and varenicline for treating tobacco dependence among individuals with current or past major depressive disorder: A 2 × 2 factorial, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Treatment of depression-related psychological factors related to smoking behavior may improve rates of cessation among adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study measured the efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of behavioral activation for smoking cessation (BASC), varenicline and their combination.

Design, Setting, Participants: This study used a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial design comparing BASC versus standard behavioral treatment (ST) and varenicline versus placebo, taking place in research clinics at two urban universities in the United States.

Treatment adherence in a smoking cessation clinical trial for individuals with current or past major depressive disorder: Predictors and association with cessation.

Introduction: Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit high rates of tobacco use and lower responsiveness to tobacco cessation treatments. Treatment adherence is a strong predictor of treatment outcomes in the general population but has not been evaluated in this under-served community of smokers with MDD.

Methods: We used data from a randomized clinical trial on smoking cessation treatment among 300 smokers with MDD to examine the rate of adherence (medication and counseling), the association of adherence with cessation outcomes, and factors associated with adherence, including demographic and smoking characteristics, psychiatric characteristics, smoking cessation processes (e.

Cancer Survivors' Perspectives of Virtual Yoga for Chronic Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Pain During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

With the rise in telehealth due to the COVID-19 pandemic, further research is needed to determine how to optimize virtual delivery of existing integrative oncology interventions for cancer treatment-related symptoms. The purpose of this qualitative analysis was to explore cancer survivors' perspectives of the acceptability and satisfaction of an 8-week, virtual yoga intervention for cancer survivors with chronic chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy pain. Fourteen participants with chronic chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy pain who completed the virtual yoga intervention were interviewed using a semistructured interview guide.

Exploring Clinicians' Perspectives of Barriers to Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment and Management in Oncology Practice: A Qualitative Analysis of Semi-structured Interviews.

Background: Quantitative reports suggest that the assessment and management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in practice is suboptimal.

Objective: The purpose of this qualitative analysis was to explore clinician-related perspectives of CIPN assessment, management, and the use of a CIPN decision support tool.

Methods: Clinicians from the breast oncology, gastrointestinal oncology, or multiple myeloma disease centers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute who interacted with a CIPN clinician decision support algorithm were eligible to participate in the semi-structured interviews.

History and Correlates of Smoking Cessation Behaviors Among Individuals With Current or Past Major Depressive Disorder Enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Trial.

Introduction: Smoking among adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) is at least double that of the general US population. More effective smoking cessation interventions for depressed smokers may be facilitated through a better understanding of the smoking and depression-related characteristics of this population.

Methods: We used baseline data from 300 participants enrolled in randomized clinical trial for smokers with current or past MDD.

Rationale and design of a randomized factorial clinical trial of pharmacogenetic and adherence optimization strategies to promote tobacco cessation among persons with HIV.

Background: Tobacco use is approximately three times more common in people living with HIV (PLWH) than the general population. Moreover, current behavioral and pharmacological smoking cessation interventions are less effective for PLWH, highlighting a need for novel ways to optimize tobacco cessation treatments in this group. Prior research indicates that personalized treatment based on the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a biomarker of nicotine metabolism, and augmenting smoking cessation medication adherence may improve cessation treatment for PLWH.

Comparing the Rate of Nicotine Metabolism Among Smokers With Current or Past Major Depressive Disorder.

Background And Objectives: Persons with current or past major depressive disorder (MDD) vs those without have higher smoking rates. The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) represents variation in the rate of nicotine metabolism and has been associated with smoking behaviors and response to tobacco treatments. We compared NMR between smokers with current or past MDD (MDD+) vs smokers without MDD (MDD-).

Evaluating Clinical Implementation Approaches for Prostate Cancer Decision Support.

Introduction: Shared decision making is widely promoted for counseling men with localized prostate cancer. Results of randomized trials suggest decision aid efficacy. However, few practices or institutions have implemented decision support as standard practice.

The electronic self report assessment and intervention for cancer: promoting patient verbal reporting of symptom and quality of life issues in a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The electronic self report assessment - cancer (ESRA-C), has been shown to reduce symptom distress during cancer therapy The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate aspects of how the ESRA-C intervention may have resulted in lower symptom distress (SD).

Methods: Patients at two cancer centers were randomized to ESRA-C assessment only (control) or the Web-based ESRA-C intervention delivered to patients' homes or to a tablet in clinic. The intervention allowed patients to self-monitor symptom and quality of life (SxQOL) between visits, receive self-care education and coaching to report SxQOL to clinicians.