Frequency, spatial distribution, and genetic diversity of Blastocystis among referred individuals to a clinical laboratory: First report of subtype 9 in Brazil.

The enteric protist Blastocystis has a worldwide distribution, however its prevalence in the human population is still underestimated, especially in developing countries where proper diagnosis is not performed in the routine of clinical laboratories. In this study, we aimed to assess the frequency, genetic diversity, and spatial distribution of Blastocystis isolates detected in fecal samples referred to a clinical laboratory for routine examination in inner São Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 348 leftover stool samples available for disposal from female and male individuals with age ranging from 3 months to 88 years were analyzed by both microscopic examination and PCR/sequencing of the SSU rRNA gene.

Molecular identification of hookworm species infecting free-roaming and owned dogs from an urban area in inner São Paulo State, Brazil.

Dogs are the most popular pet animals worldwide, but on the other hand, they are main hosts of pathogens potentially transmissible to humans. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of intestinal parasites in free- roaming and owned dogs in an urban area in southeastern Brazil and to identify the hookworm species infecting them. Faecal samples (80 from free-roaming and 53 from owned dogs) were examined for intestinal parasites using concentration methods.

Genetic analysis of Giardia duodenalis isolates from children of low-income families living in an economically successful region in Southeastern Brazil.

Giardia duodenalis is one of the most important and widespread gastrointestinal parasites in the world. Despite its relevance as a causative agent of diarrhea, asymptomatic giardiasis occurs frequently, especially in low resources settings in which children are exposed to many risk factors. Based on microscopic examination and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of beta-giardin (bg), triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes, we assessed G.

Diversity of Blastocystis subtypes in wild mammals from a zoo and two conservation units in southeastern Brazil.

The enteric protist Blastocystis is one of the most commonly parasite reported in humans and a variety of animal hosts worldwide. Regarding genetic diversity, at least 17 subtypes (STs) have been identified in mammals and birds, with eight of them (ST1-8) infecting both humans and animals. Recently, isolates from wild mammalian species have been genetically characterized, however data is still scarce, mainly in Latin America.

Status (on/off) of oipA gene: their associations with gastritis and gastric cancer and geographic origins.

Virulence factors of H. pylori, such as outer inflammatory protein A (oipA), are closely involved in the development of gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. The functional status of oipA is regulated by a repair mechanism based on CT dinucleotide repeats that influence the reading frame, thus granting the gene a functional or nonfunctional status; in other words, the functional status of the oipA gene seems to be associated with the development of gastric diseases.

Blastocystis genetic diversity among children of low-income daycare center in Southeastern Brazil.

Blastocystis, an unicellular anaerobic eukaryote, is known to be a very common intestinal parasite found in humans and animals fecal samples worldwide. Currently, there is an increasing interest to yield insights into its prevalence and diversity in human populations living in poor and deprived areas. In this study, we describe the prevalence and genetic variability of Blastocystis isolates obtained from daycare center attendees aged 0 to 6years and staff, as well as some children family members and their dogs in a low-income community in São Paulo State, Brazil.

Multilocus sequence typing of Dientamoeba fragilis identified a major clone with widespread geographical distribution.

The flagellated protozoan Dientamoeba fragilis is often detected in humans with gastrointestinal symptoms, but it is also commonly found in healthy subjects. As for other intestinal protozoa, the hypothesis that genetically dissimilar parasite isolates differ in their ability to cause symptoms has also been raised for D. fragilis.

Cooperative Extension: A Model of Science-Practice Integration for Ecosystem Restoration.

Restoration ecology is a science, driven by practical application. Despite the well-recognized disconnect between the science and practice of ecological restoration, there is a lack of practical solutions. In 2014, US agriculture marked the 100th anniversary of the Cooperative Extension Service, providing a timely reminder that the divide between science and practice can be bridged successfully.

Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis on mice infected with Strongyloides venezuelensis.

The administration of viable Bifidobacterium animalis was tested to induce resistance against Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in mice. Effects on parasite burden, worm length, egg output, and intestinal mucosal histology were evaluated. The oral administration of B.

Molecular typing of Giardia duodenalis isolates from nonhuman primates housed IN a Brazilian zoo.

Giardia infections in captive nonhuman primates (NHP) housed at a Brazilian zoo were investigated in order to address their zoonotic potential. Fresh fecal samples were collected from the floors of 22 enclosures where 47 primates of 18 different species were housed. The diagnosis of intestinal parasites after concentration by sedimentation and flotation methods revealed the following parasites and their frequencies: Giardia (18%); Entamoeba spp.

Characterisation of protease activity in extracellular products secreted by Giardia duodenalis trophozoites treated with propolis.

Results from our laboratory revealed propolis activity on Giardia trophozoites proliferation. Since therapeutic agents can inhibit the activity of proteases related to relevant biologic and physiologic processes of parasites, this study was undertaken to characterise the proteolytic activity of excretory/secretory products (ESP) of trophozoites treated with propolis. ESP was obtained from culture supernatants of trophozoites exposed to 250 and 500 µg mL(-1) of propolis.

Protease activity in extracellular products secreted in vitro by trophozoites of Giardia duodenalis.

There are evidences that Giardia trophozoites contain and/or release proteolytic enzymes that may be implicated in pathogenesis of giardiasis. This report describes a preliminary characterization of the proteolytic activity in excretory/secretory (E/S) products of Giardia duodenalis trophozoites of an axenic Brazilian strain (BTU-11) and the reference strain Portland 1 (P1). The protease activity of E/S products in conditioned medium by trophozoites of each strain was analyzed using substrate (gelatin and collagen) impregnated SDS-PAGE and hemoglobin assay.

Partial characterization of proteolytic activity in Giardia duodenalis purified proteins.

This report describes a preliminary characterization of proteolytic activity of proteins isolated from lysate of Giardia trophozoites of an axenic Brazilian strain. Fractions obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) were tested in SDS-polyacrylamide gel for the protein profiles, and the proteases activity was analyzed using gelatin impregnated SDS-PAGE. The proteases characterization was based on inhibition assays employing synthetic inhibitors for cysteine (E-64, IAA), serine (PMSF, TPCK, TLCK, and elastatinal), metalo (EDTA) and aspartic (pepstatin) proteases.