Rootstock effects on leaf function and isotope composition in apple occurred on both scion grafted and ungrafted rootstocks under hydroponic conditions.

Rootstocks are used in modern apple production to increase productivity, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, and fruit quality. While dwarfing for apple rootstocks has been well characterized, the physiological mechanisms controlling dwarfing have not. Previous research has reported rootstock effects on scion water relations.

Trunk Water Potential Measured with Microtensiometers for Managing Water Stress in "Gala" Apple Trees.

The weather variations around the world are already having a profound impact on agricultural production. This impacts apple production and the quality of the product. Through agricultural precision, growers attempt to optimize both yield and fruit size and quality.

Apple rootstocks affect functional leaf traits with consequential effects on carbon isotope composition and vegetative vigour.

Composite trees combine optimal traits from both the rootstock and the scion. Dwarfing rootstocks are commonly used to reduce shoot vigour and improve fruit quality and productivity. Although growth habits of different rootstocks have been clearly described, the underlying physiological traits affecting scion vigour are not well understood.