Changes in prevalence of overweight in adolescents living in areas highly vulnerable to food insecurity.

This study ascertained changes, over 5 years, in the prevalence of overweight in adolescents and associations with socio-demographic variables and food insecurity. Two cross-sectional population-based studies were conducted with 511 (2005) and 314 (2010) adolescents resident in Campos Elíseos (Duque de Caxias-RJ). Overweight was evaluated by sex and age specific cut-off points of BMI (weight/height²).

The Mothers, Infants, and Lactation Quality (MILQ) Study: A Multi-Center Collaboration.

Little valid information is available on human milk nutrient concentrations, especially for micronutrients (MNs), and there are no valid reference values (RVs) across lactation. In this multi-center collaborative study, RVs will be established for human milk nutrients across the first 8.5 mo postpartum.

Association between vitamin D status during pregnancy and total gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention: a prospective cohort.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between vitamin D status during pregnancy and total gestational weight gain (GWG), GWG rates and postpartum weight retention.

Methods: Prospective cohort of 163 women from Rio de Janeiro was followed at 5-13 (baseline), 20-26, 30-36 gestational weeks and at 30-62 days postpartum. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was evaluated during each trimester and was categorized as adequate (≥50 nmol/L) or inadequate (<50 nmol/L).

Longitudinal association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with adipokines and markers of glucose metabolism among Brazilian pregnant women.

This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal association of vitamin D status with glycaemia, insulin, homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, adiponectin and leptin. A prospective cohort with 181 healthy, pregnant Brazilian women was followed at the 5th-13th, 20th-26th and 30th-36th gestational weeks. In this cohort, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) plasma concentrations were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem MS.

Dietary patterns and their association with adiponectin and leptin concentrations throughout pregnancy: a prospective cohort.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary patterns (DP) with maternal adiposity indicators, leptin, adiponectin and insulin concentrations during pregnancy. A prospective cohort of pregnant women followed up at the 5th-13th, 20th -26th and 30th-36th gestational weeks and 30-40 d postpartum was conducted in Rio de Janeiro. A FFQ was administered in the third trimester (30th-36th gestational weeks).

Temporal changes in the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors among adolescents living in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

To investigate temporal changes in the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors among adolescents, and their association with socio demographic factors and overweight. Using probability sampling, two population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted: one in 2005 (n=511) and the other in 2010 (n=314). The frequency of disordered eating behaviors (binge eating, strict dieting or fasting and compensatory behaviors) was investigated using a self-administered questionnaire.

Prepregnancy Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Blood Lipid Level Changes During Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Physiologic adaptations lead to an increase in blood lipid levels during pregnancy, yet little is known about the influence of prepregnancy dietary patterns.

Aim: To identify whether prepregnancy dietary patterns that explain the consumption of fiber, energy, and saturated fat are associated with blood lipid levels throughout pregnancy.

Design: Prospective cohort study, with data collection at gestational weeks 5 to 13, 20 to 26, and 30 to 36.

Variation of BMI and anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity in Brazilian adolescents from public schools, 2003-2008.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare BMI and anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity in Brazilian adolescents from public schools between 2003 and 2008.

Design: A comparison of anthropometric indicators in adolescents was done based on two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2003 (n 530) and in 2008 (n 498). BMI (= weight/height2), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were evaluated.

Rosuvastatin beneficially alters the glomerular structure of kidneys from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).

The incidence of chronic renal diseases is increasing worldwide, and there is a great need to identify therapies capable of arresting or reducing disease progression. The current treatment of chronic nephropathies is limited to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, but increasing clinical and experimental evidence suggests that statins could play a therapeutic role. Ultrastructural studies have shown the presence of gap junctions within all the cells of the glomerulus and podocytes have been found to contain primarily connexin-43.