RET isoforms contribute differentially to invasive processes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a therapeutically challenging disease with poor survival rates, owing to late diagnosis and early dissemination. These tumors frequently undergo perineural invasion, spreading along nerves regionally and to distant sites. The RET receptor tyrosine kinase is implicated in increased aggressiveness, local invasion, and metastasis in multiple cancers, including PDAC.

RET isoform-specific interaction with scaffold protein Ezrin promotes cell migration and chemotaxis in lung adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Increased expression of REarranged during Transfection (RET) kinase is reported in 10-20 % of lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) and is associated with metastasis and reduced survival. Ezrin is a scaffold protein that promotes protein interactions with the actin cytoskeleton to regulate cell migration and is also associated with invasion and metastasis in cancers. RET isoforms interact with unique combinations of scaffold proteins to promote distinct signaling pathways.

GGA3-mediated recycling of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase contributes to cell migration and invasion.

The RET receptor tyrosine kinase plays important roles in regulating cellular proliferation, migration, and survival in the normal development of neural crest derived tissues. However, aberrant activation of RET, through oncogenic mutations or overexpression, can contribute to tumourigenesis, regional invasion, and metastasis of several human cancers. RET is expressed as two main isoforms with unique C-terminal sequences that differ in protein interactions and subcellular trafficking in response to RET activation, and which also have distinct oncogenic potentials.

Differential recruitment of E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes regulates RET isoform internalization.

The RET receptor tyrosine kinase is implicated in normal development and cancer. RET is expressed as two isoforms, RET9 and RET51, with unique C-terminal tail sequences that recruit distinct protein complexes to mediate signals. Upon activation, RET isoforms are internalized with distinct kinetics, suggesting differences in regulation.

An Efficient and Flexible Cell Aggregation Method for 3D Spheroid Production.

Monolayer cell culture does not adequately model the in vivo behavior of tissues, which involves complex cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques are a recent innovation developed to address the shortcomings of adherent cell culture. While several techniques for generating tissue analogues in vitro have been developed, these methods are frequently complex, expensive to establish, require specialized equipment, and are generally limited by compatibility with only certain cell types.

Differential roles of RET isoforms in medullary and papillary thyroid carcinomas.

The RET receptor tyrosine kinase mediates cell proliferation, survival and migration in embryogenesis and is implicated in the transformation and tumour progression in multiple cancers. RET is frequently mutated and constitutively activated in familial and sporadic thyroid carcinomas. As a result of alternative splicing, RET is expressed as two protein isoforms, RET9 and RET51, which differ in their unique C-terminal amino acids.