Association of Artificial Intelligence-Aided Chest Radiograph Interpretation With Reader Performance and Efficiency.

Importance: The efficient and accurate interpretation of radiologic images is paramount.

Objective: To evaluate whether a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) engine used concurrently can improve reader performance and efficiency in interpreting chest radiograph abnormalities.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter cohort study was conducted from April to November 2021 and involved radiologists, including attending radiologists, thoracic radiology fellows, and residents, who independently participated in 2 observer performance test sessions.

Lung-RADS Category 3 and 4 Nodules on Lung Cancer Screening in Clinical Practice.

Lung-RADS category 3 and 4 nodules account for most screening-detected lung cancers and are considered actionable nodules with management implications. The cancer frequency among such nodules is estimated in the Lung-RADS recommendations and has been investigated primarily by means of retrospectively assigned Lung-RADS classifications. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of cancer among lung nodules assigned Lung-RADS category 3 or 4 at lung cancer screening (LCS) in clinical practice and to evaluate factors that affect the cancer frequency within each category.

Clinical and Imaging Features of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with G12C KRAS Mutation.

KRAS G12C mutations are important oncogenic mutations that confer sensitivity to direct G12C inhibitors. We retrospectively identified patients with KRAS+ NSCLC from 2015 to 2019 and assessed the imaging features of the primary tumor and the distribution of metastases of G12C NSCLC compared to those of non-G12C KRAS NSCLC and NSCLC driven by oncogenic fusion events (RET, ALK, ROS1) and EGFR mutations at the time of initial diagnosis. Two hundred fifteen patients with KRAS+ NSCLC (G12C: 83; non-G12C: 132) were included.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Lung Cancers Detected on Low-Dose Lung Cancer Screening CT.

Background: Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) was implemented in the United States following the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). The real-world benefits of implementing LCS are yet to be determined with outcome-oriented data. The study objective is to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of screening-detected lung cancers.

Comparison of Chest CT Findings of COVID-19, Influenza, and Organizing Pneumonia: A Multireader Study.

Previous studies compared CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia with those of other infections; however, to our knowledge, no studies to date have included noninfectious organizing pneumonia (OP) for comparison. The objectives of this study were to compare chest CT features of COVID-19, influenza, and OP using a multireader design and to assess the performance of radiologists in distinguishing between these conditions. This retrospective study included 150 chest CT examinations in 150 patients (mean [± SD] age, 58 ± 16 years) with a diagnosis of COVID-19, influenza, or non-infectious OP (50 randomly selected abnormal CT examinations per diagnosis).

PET/MRI assessment of lung nodules in primary abdominal malignancies: sensitivity and outcome analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate PET/MR lung nodule detection compared to PET/CT or CT, to determine growth of nodules missed by PET/MR, and to investigate the impact of missed nodules on clinical management in primary abdominal malignancies.

Methods: This retrospective IRB-approved study included [18F]-FDG PET/MR in 126 patients. All had standard of care chest imaging (SCI) with diagnostic chest CT or PET/CT within 6 weeks of PET/MR that served as standard of reference.

Management and Outcomes of Suspected Infectious and Inflammatory Lung Abnormalities Identified on Lung Cancer Screening CT.

Incidental findings are frequently encountered during lung cancer screening (LCS). Limited data describe the prevalence of suspected acute infectious and inflammatory lung processes on LCS and how they should be managed. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, radiologic reporting and management, and outcome of suspected infectious and inflammatory lung processes identified incidentally during LCS and to propose a management algorithm.

Clinical and Imaging Features of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Young Patients.

Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in young adult patients is rare, with scarce data available in patients aged < 40 years and even less in those aged < 35 years. Our goal was to determine the presenting symptoms, clinicopathologic characteristics, and imaging features of young patients with NSCLC at time of diagnosis and compare them to those of older adults.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records and imaging of young patients (≤ 40 years old) with NSCLC treated at our institution between 1998 and 2018.

Low contrast volume dual-energy CT of the chest: Quantitative and qualitative assessment.

Purpose: To evaluate the image quality of chest CT performed on dual-energy scanners using low contrast volume for routine chest (DECT-R) and pulmonary angiography (DECTPA) protocols.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included dual-energy CT scans of chest performed with low contrast volume in 84 adults (34M:50F; Age 69 ± 16 years: Weight 71 ± 16kg). There were 42 patients with DECT-R and 42 patients with DECT-PA protocols.

Clinical and imaging features predict mortality in COVID-19 infection in Iran.

The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged many healthcare systems around the world. While most of the current understanding of the clinical features of COVID-19 is derived from Chinese studies, there is a relative paucity of reports from the remaining global health community. In this study, we analyze the clinical and radiologic factors that correlate with mortality odds in COVID-19 positive patients from a tertiary care center in Tehran, Iran.

Radiomic features of primary tumor by lung cancer stage: analysis in mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The clinical features and traditional semantic imaging characteristics of -mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been previously reported. The radiomic features of -mutated NSCLC and their role in predicting cancer stage, however, have yet to be investigated. This study's goal is to assess the differences in CT radiomic features of primary NSCLC driven by mutation and stratified by tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging.

Association between circulating tumor DNA burden and disease burden in patients with ALK-positive lung cancer.

Background: Plasma genotyping is an emerging approach for the identification of genetic alterations mediating resistance to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-targeted therapy. The authors reviewed plasma genotyping and imaging findings to assess the correlation between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) burden and disease burden in patients with ALK-positive lung cancer.

Methods: The authors analyzed 97 plasma specimens from 75 patients with ALK-positive lung cancer to identify ALK and non-ALK alterations.

Clinicopathologic and Imaging Features of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Exon 14 Skipping Mutations.

exon 14 (ex14) skipping mutations are an emerging potentially targetable oncogenic driver mutation in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The imaging features and patterns of metastasis of NSCLC with primary ex14 skipping mutations (ex14-mutated NSCLC) are not well described. Our goal was to determine the clinicopathologic and imaging features that may suggest the presence of ex14 skipping mutations in NSCLC.