Radiographic pneumonia in young febrile infants presenting to the emergency department: secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Objective: The lack of evidence-based criteria to guide chest radiograph (CXR) use in young febrile infants results in variation in its use with resultant suboptimal quality of care. We sought to describe the features associated with radiographic pneumonias in young febrile infants.

Study Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study in 18 emergency departments (EDs) in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network from 2016 to 2019.

Reduced Computed Tomography for Appendicitis in Children after Implementation of Next-day Surgery Clinic Follow-up.

Unlabelled: The use of computed tomography (CT) in the emergency department (ED) evaluation of pediatric patients for suspected appendicitis can be safely reduced. However, published examples of reduced CT use also report increased MRI utilization, ED length of stay, hospitalization rates, and in-ED surgical consultation. In addition, previous studies recommended follow-up for undifferentiated abdominal pain, yet none with pediatric surgeons.

Serious Bacterial Infections in Young Febrile Infants With Positive Urinalysis Results.

Unlabelled: It is unknown whether febrile infants 29 to 60 days old with positive urinalysis results require routine lumbar punctures for evaluation of bacterial meningitis.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of bacteremia and/or bacterial meningitis in febrile infants ≤60 days of age with positive urinalysis (UA) results.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a prospective observational study of noncritical febrile infants ≤60 days between 2011 and 2019 conducted in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network emergency departments.

An Administrative Data-based Surrogate Definition Identifies Children Evaluated Beyond Physical Examination for Suspected Appendicitis.

Unlabelled: Previous studies have reported on the evaluation of patients diagnosed with appendicitis. Very little is known about all patients evaluated for suspected appendicitis. Patients evaluated beyond physical examination with laboratory and imaging testing, then found not to have appendicitis, are more difficult to identify.

Chair Lift Falls and Injuries in Children.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare demographic injury and treatment characteristics of hospitalized pediatric cases of falls from chair lifts to cases of other ski and snowboarding injuries and identify potential interventions for preventing falls from chair lifts.

Methods: Retrospective query of the trauma registry of Utah's only pediatric trauma center for children younger than 18 years requiring hospitalization for a ski or snowboarding injury from November 2004 to February 2014.

Results: There were 443 cases of hospitalized ski and snowboarding injuries during the study period.

Validity and Reliability of a Tool to Assess Quality Improvement Knowledge and Skills in Pediatrics Residents.

Background: Residency programs are expected to educate residents in quality improvement (QI). Effective assessments are needed to ensure residents gain QI knowledge and skills. Limitations of current tools include poor interrater reliability and requirement for scorer training.

Initial Presentation of Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection.

Objective: To inform the decision to test and empirically treat for herpes simplex virus (HSV) by describing the initial clinical presentation and laboratory findings of infants with a confirmed diagnosis of neonatal HSV.

Study Design: This is a retrospective case series performed at 2 pediatric tertiary care centers. Infants who developed symptoms prior to 42 days of age with laboratory confirmed HSV from 2002 through 2012 were included.

Use of the Quality Improvement (QI) Knowledge Application Tool in Assessing Pediatric Resident QI Education.

Background: Assessing the effectiveness of quality improvement curricula is important to improving this area of resident education.

Objective: To assess the ability of the Quality Improvement Knowledge Application Tool (QIKAT) to differentiate between residents who were provided instruction in QI and those who were not, when scored by individuals not involved in designing the QIKAT, its scoring rubric, or QI curriculum instruction.

Methods: The QIKAT and a 9-item self-assessment of QI proficiency were administered to an intervention and a control group.

Dipstick screening for urinary tract infection in febrile infants.

Objective: This study compares the performance of urine dipstick alone with urine microscopy and with both tests combined as a screen for urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile infants aged 1 to 90 days.

Methods: We queried the Intermountain Healthcare data warehouse to identify febrile infants with urine dipstick, microscopy, and culture performed between 2004 and 2011. UTI was defined as >50 000 colony-forming units per milliliter of a urinary pathogen.

Relationship of BMPR2 mutations to vasoreactivity in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: Vasoreactivity tests are fundamental in evaluating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Mutations of the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor gene, BMPR2, predispose to the development of pulmonary hypertension and may alter the response to vasodilators. Previous investigations have not examined the relationship of BMPR2 mutations to vasoreactivity.

Cognitive, emotional, and quality of life outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: The effects of pulmonary arterial hypertension on cardiovascular and physical function are well documented. Limited information exists regarding the effects of pulmonary arterial hypertension on cognitive function despite patient reports of problems with memory and attention. Our primary purpose was to determine if a prospectively identified cohort of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients had cognitive sequelae.