The Majority of Black Orthopaedic Surgeons Report Experiencing Racial Microaggressions During Their Residency Training.

Background: Orthopaedic surgery is the least-diverse surgical specialty based on race and ethnicity. To our knowledge, the impact of this lack of diversity on discriminatory or noninclusive experiences perceived by Black orthopaedic surgeons during their residency training has never been evaluated. Racial microaggressions were first defined in the 1970s as "subtle verbal, behavioral, and environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults to the target person or group.

Perception of Racial and Intersectional Discrimination in the Workplace Is High Among Black Orthopaedic Surgeons: Results of a Survey of 274 Black Orthopaedic Surgeons in Practice.

Introduction: There are approximately 573 practicing Black orthopaedic surgeons in the United States, which represents 1.9% overall. The purpose of this study was to describe this underrepresented cohort within the field of orthopaedic surgery and to report their perception of occupational opportunity and workplace discrimination.

Safety and efficacy of umbilical cord-derived Wharton's jelly compared to hyaluronic acid and saline for knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized, controlled, single-blind, multi-center trial.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder in the United States of America (USA) with a fast-rising prevalence. Current treatment modalities are limited, and total knee replacement surgeries have shown disadvantages, especially for grade II/III OA. The interest in the use of biologics, including umbilical cord (UC)-derived Wharton's jelly (WJ), has grown in recent years.

The Timing of Corticosteroid Injections Following Simple Knee Arthroscopy Is Associated With Infection Risk.

Purpose: To examine any association between the timing of ipsilateral postoperative corticosteroid injection following simple knee arthroscopy and infection.

Methods: Private payer (PP) and Medicare (MC) national insurance databases were queried for patients who underwent simple arthroscopic knee procedures. Patients undergoing concomitant open or more complex procedures with grafts were excluded.

Risk Factors for Infection After Shoulder Arthroscopy in a Large Medicare Population.

Background: Shoulder arthroscopy is well established as a highly effective and safe procedure for the treatment for several shoulder disorders and is associated with an exceedingly low risk of infectious complications. Few data exist regarding risk factors for infection after shoulder arthroscopy, as previous studies were not adequately powered to evaluate for infection.

Purpose: To determine patient-related risk factors for infection after shoulder arthroscopy by using a large insurance database.

Operative Fixation of an Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Apophyseal Avulsion Fracture Nonunion in an Adolescent Soccer Player: A Case Report.

Case: A 14-year-old male competitive soccer player presented with a history of recurrent right hip pain for 18 months. He was diagnosed with an anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) apophyseal avulsion fracture nonunion with subspinal impingement, which was confirmed by radiographs, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The patient underwent surgical fixation and subspinal decompression.

Traumatic Avulsion of the Serratus Anterior Muscle in a Collegiate Rower: A Case Report.

A 19-year-old female collegiate rower presented with a new, painful mass along her right anterolateral chest wall after competition. The patient was diagnosed with a rupture of the serratus anterior muscle from its costal attachments, as confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. The patient fully recovered after a period of rest followed by a graduated 2-month physical therapy regimen consisting of stretching and scapulothoracic and core strengthening.

Increased Failure Rates After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Soft-Tissue Autograft-Allograft Hybrid Grafts.

Purpose: To compare the rate of failure between a group of patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with an autograft-allograft hybrid soft-tissue graft and a matched group of patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft.

Methods: From 2007 to 2012, 29 patients underwent hybrid ACL reconstruction performed by 4 fellowship-trained sports medicine surgeons at a single institution. Patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft comprised the control group and were matched to patients in the hybrid group by sex, age, date of surgery, reconstruction technique, and method of femoral fixation.

Platelet-rich plasma in meniscal repair: does augmentation improve surgical outcomes?

Background: Increased contact stresses after meniscectomy have led to an increased focus on meniscal preservation strategies to prevent articular cartilage degeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has received attention as a promising strategy to help induce healing and has been shown to do so both in vitro and in vivo. Although PRP has been used in clinical practice for some time, to date, few clinical studies support its use in meniscal repair.

Arthroscopic suprapectoral and open subpectoral biceps tenodesis: a comparison of minimum 2-year clinical outcomes.

Background: While a vast body of literature exists describing biceps tenodesis techniques and evaluating the biomechanical aspects of tenodesis locations or various implants, little literature presents useful clinical outcomes to guide surgeons in their decision to perform a particular method of tenodesis.

Purpose/hypothesis: To compare the clinical outcomes of open subpectoral biceps tenodesis (OSPBT) and arthroscopic suprapectoral biceps tenodesis (ASPBT). Our null hypothesis was that both methods would yield satisfactory results with regard to shoulder and biceps function, postoperative shoulder scores, pain relief, and complications.

Chronic leg pain in athletes.

Chronic leg pain is commonly treated by orthopaedic surgeons who take care of athletes. The sources are varied and include the more commonly encountered medial tibial stress syndrome, chronic exertional compartment syndrome, stress fracture, popliteal artery entrapment syndrome, nerve entrapment, Achilles tightness, deep vein thrombosis, and complex regional pain syndrome. Owing to overlapping physical examination findings, an assortment of imaging and other diagnostic modalities are employed to distinguish among the diagnoses to guide the appropriate management.

Increased incidence of postoperative stiffness after arthroscopic compared with open biceps tenodesis.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of postoperative stiffness after open and arthroscopic biceps tenodesis, compare the incidence between each method, and determine relevant risk factors for its occurrence.

Methods: A consecutive series of patients who underwent biceps tenodesis during a 3-year period were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: We evaluated 249 patients, which included 143 who underwent open subpectoral tenodesis and 106 who underwent arthroscopic suprapectoral tenodesis.

Biceps tenodesis is a viable option for salvage of failed SLAP repair.

Background: Outcomes of arthroscopic superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) repairs have been well reported with generally favorable outcomes. Unfortunately, a percentage of patients remain dissatisfied or suffer further injury after SLAP repair and may seek additional treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of biceps tenodesis for failed SLAP repairs.

Anatomic and radiographic comparison of arthroscopic suprapectoral and open subpectoral biceps tenodesis sites.

Background: Arthroscopic suprapectoral and open subpectoral surgical techniques are both commonly utilized approaches for proximal biceps tenodesis of the long head of the biceps brachii. A central limitation to the widespread use of an arthroscopic approach for biceps tenodesis is that the tendon may be tenodesed too proximally in the bicipital groove, leading to persistent pain and tendinopathy. Purpose/

Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo tenodesis location using arthroscopic suprapectoral and open subpectoral techniques for proximal biceps tenodesis in relation to clinically pertinent anatomic and radiographic landmarks.

Femoral tunnel length in primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using an accessory medial portal.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate tunnel length during independent femoral tunnel drilling using an accessory medial portal with the knee in maximal hyperflexion, and correlate the tunnel length and flexion angle with anthropometric data.

Methods: During a 1-year period, 106 consecutive patients undergoing primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction were included in the study. All patients underwent independent femoral tunnel drilling using an accessory medial portal with maximal knee hyperflexion.

Complications related to anatomic reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligaments.

Background: Anatomic reconstruction of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments has become a popular surgical treatment for high-grade acromioclavicular (AC) dislocations, but little has been reported about complications related to these newer surgical techniques.

Purpose: We sought to review the complications related to several new techniques for the anatomic reconstruction of the CC ligaments for the treatment of AC separations.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Evaluation of in situ graft forces of a 2-bundle tibial inlay posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction at various flexion angles.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using a 2-bundle (anterolateral [AL] and posteromedial [PM]) posterior tibial inlay reconstructive technique fixed at various degrees of flexion.

Methods: Eight human cadaveric knee specimens underwent a 2-bundle/posterior inlay PCL reconstruction. A testing apparatus was developed with force gauges placed on the AL and PM bundles, respectively.

Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: etiology of failures and clinical results.

A retrospective study was performed to determine the etiology of failed primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and evaluate the clinical results of revision ACL surgery. From January 1989 to January 1996, 90 patients with failed ACL reconstructions underwent revision ACL surgery. The etiology of failed ACL reconstruction included 47 surgical technical errors, 22 traumatic reinjuries, 7 lack of graft incorporation, 3 loss of motion, 3 related to synthetic grafts, and 8 alignment or combined ligamentous instability patterns not addressed.