Alteration of oral microbiome composition in children living with pesticide-exposed farm workers.

Our prior work shows that azinphos-methyl pesticide exposure is associated with altered oral microbiomes in exposed farmworkers. Here we extend this analysis to show the same association pattern is also evident in their children. Oral buccal swab samples were analyzed at two time points, the apple thinning season in spring-summer 2005 for 78 children and 101 adults and the non-spray season in winter 2006 for 62 children and 82 adults.

Evaluation of the relationship between residential orchard density and dimethyl organophosphate pesticide residues in house dust.

Reducing residential pesticide exposure requires identification of exposure pathways. Compared to the agriculture worker 'take-home' and residential use pathways, evidence of the 'drift' pathway to pesticide exposure has been inconsistent. Questionnaire data from individuals (n = 99) and dust samples (n = 418) from households across three growing seasons in 2011 were from the For Healthy Kids! study.

Application of improved approach to evaluate a community intervention to reduce exposure of young children living in farmworker households to organophosphate pesticides.

The take-home pathway is a significant source of organophosphate pesticide exposure for young children (3-5 years old) living with an adult farmworker. This avoidable exposure pathway is an important target for intervention. We selected 24 agricultural communities in the Yakima Valley of Washington State and randomly assigned them to receive an educational intervention (n = 12) to reduce children's pesticide exposure or usual care (n = 12).

Human Oral Buccal Microbiomes Are Associated with Farmworker Status and Azinphos-Methyl Agricultural Pesticide Exposure.

Unlabelled: In a longitudinal agricultural community cohort sampling of 65 adult farmworkers and 52 adult nonfarmworkers, we investigated agricultural pesticide exposure-associated changes in the oral buccal microbiota. We found a seasonally persistent association between the detected blood concentration of the insecticide azinphos-methyl and the taxonomic composition of the buccal swab oral microbiome. Blood and buccal samples were collected concurrently from individual subjects in two seasons, spring/summer 2005 and winter 2006.

Seasonal and occupational trends of five organophosphate pesticides in house dust.

Since 1998, the University of Washington's Center for Child Environmental Health Risks Research has followed a community-based participatory research strategy in the Lower Yakima Valley of Washington State to assess pesticide exposure among families of Hispanic farmworkers. As a part of this longitudinal study, house dust samples were collected from both farmworker and non-farmworker households, across three agricultural seasons (thinning, harvest and non-spray). The household dust samples were analyzed for five organophosphate pesticides: azinphos-methyl, phosmet, malathion, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos.

The role of diet in children's exposure to organophosphate pesticides.

Background: Studies suggest that some of the greatest exposure to OPs in children occurs in agricultural communities and various pathways of exposure including the take-home pathway, proximity to orchards, and diet have been explored. However, the importance of the dietary pathway of exposure for children in agricultural communities is not well understood.

Objectives: Our goal was to ascertain whether there were associations between measures of OP exposure and apple juice, fruit, and vegetable consumption across growing seasons by children of farmworkers and non-farmworkers in a rural agricultural setting.

Seasonal variation in cortisol biomarkers in Hispanic mothers living in an agricultural region.

Context: Characterization of stress exposure requires understanding seasonal variability in stress biomarkers.

Objective: To compare acute and chronic stress biomarkers between two seasons in a cohort of rural, Hispanic mothers.

Methods: Stress questionnaires and cortisol measurements (hair, blood and saliva) were collected in the summer and fall.

Exposure to free and conjugated forms of bisphenol A and triclosan among pregnant women in the MIREC cohort.

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS) are two nonpersistent chemicals that have been frequently measured in spot urine samples from the general population but less so in pregnant women; however, data are limited on the free (bioactive) and conjugated forms of these phenols.

Objectives: The Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study addressed these data gaps by utilizing stored maternal urine samples from a large multicenter cohort study of Canadian pregnant women.

Methods: Concentrations of free and conjugated forms of BPA and TCS were measured in about 1,890 first-trimester urine samples by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using isotope dilution.

Variability in the take-home pathway: farmworkers and non-farmworkers and their children.

Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are related to ill health among adults, including farmworkers who are exposed to OPs as part of their regular work. Children of both farmworkers and non-farmworkers in agricultural communities may also be affected by pesticide exposure. Study groups of 100 farmworkers with a referent child (aged 2-6 years) and 100 non-farmworkers with a referent child were recruited to participate in three data collection periods over the course of a year.

Using a biokinetic model to quantify and optimize cortisol measurements for acute and chronic environmental stress exposure during pregnancy.

To fully understand the potentially harmful effects of prenatal stress exposure impacts, it is necessary to quantify long-term and episodic stress exposure during pregnancy. There is a strong body of research relating psychological stress to elevated cortisol levels in biomarkers. Recently, maternal hair has been used to measure cortisol levels, and provides the unique opportunity to assess stress exposure throughout gestation.

Do workplace and home protective practices protect farm workers? Findings from the "For Healthy Kids" study.

Objective: To assess associations of protective workplace and home practices with pesticide exposure levels.

Methods: Using data from orchard workers in the Yakima Valley, Washington, we examined associations of workplace and home protective practices with (1) urinary metabolite concentrations of dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) in adults and children aged 2 to 6 years and (2) azinphos-methyl levels in house and vehicle dust.

Results: Data were collected from 95 orchard workers and 94 children.

Organophosphate pesticide exposure and residential proximity to nearby fields: evidence for the drift pathway.

Objectives: Residential proximity to pesticide-treated farmland is an important pesticide exposure pathway.

Methods: In-person interviews and biological samples were collected from 100 farmworker and 100 non-farmworker adults and children living in Eastern Washington State. We examined the relationship of residential proximity to farmland to urinary metabolite concentrations of dimethylphosphate (DMTP) and levels of pesticide residues in house dust.

Where's the dust? Characterizing locations of azinphos-methyl residues in house and vehicle dust among farmworkers with young children.

Organophosphate pesticides are commonly used in the United States, and farmworkers are at risk for chronic exposure. Using data from a community randomized trial to interrupt the take-home pathway of pesticide exposure, we examined the association between floor surface type (smooth floor, thin carpet, and thick carpet) and rooms in which dust samples were collected (living room vs. non-living room) and concentrations of azinphos-methyl residues in home environments.

Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure Among Pome and Non-Pome Farmworkers: A Subgroup Analysis of a Community Randomized Trial.

Objective: We examined the effectiveness of a community randomized intervention among farmworkers who did and did not work in pome fruit (apples and pears).

Methods: Urine samples were collected from two cross-sectional groups of farmworkers and analyzed for the presence of dimethylthiophosphate.

Results: There was no significant time by crop interaction for changes in urinary metabolite concentrations among adult farmworkers (P = 0.

Para niños saludables: a community intervention trial to reduce organophosphate pesticide exposure in children of farmworkers.

Background: Exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides is an occupational hazard for farmworkers and affects their children through the take-home pathway.

Objectives: We examined the effectiveness of a randomized community intervention to reduce pesticide exposure among farmworkers and their children.

Methods: We conducted a baseline survey of a cross-sectional sample of farmworkers (year 1) in 24 participating communities.

Organophosphate pesticide exposure and work in pome fruit: evidence for the take-home pesticide pathway.

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are commonly used in the United States, and farmworkers are at risk for chronic exposure. Using a sample of 218 farmworkers in 24 communities and labor camps in eastern Washington State, we examined the association between agricultural crop and OP pesticide metabolite concentrations in urine samples of adult farmworkers and their children and OP pesticide residues in house and vehicle dust samples. Commonly reported crops were apples (71.

Health symptoms and exposure to organophosphate pesticides in farmworkers.

Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between reported health symptoms and exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides.

Methods: Fisher's exact test was used to assess the relationship between self-reported health symptoms and indicators of exposure to OP pesticides in 211 farmworkers in Eastern Washington.

Results: The health symptoms most commonly reported included headaches (50%), burning eyes (39%), pain in muscles, joints, or bones (35%), a rash or itchy skin (25%), and blurred vision (23%).