Systematic Review on Working Mechanisms of Signaling Pathways in Fibrosis During Shockwave Therapy.

Fibrosis is characterized by scarring and hardening of tissues and organs. It can affect every organ system, and so could result in organ failure due to the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Previous studies suggest that mechanical forces (such as shockwave therapy, SWT) initiate a process of mechanotransduction and thus could regulate fibrosis.

Effects of early exercise training following severe burn injury: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Despite being a stable component of burn rehabilitation at later stages of recovery, exercise training is not commonly provided during the acute phase of burns. A lack of evidence surrounding its efficacy and safety in severely burned adults has hampered its implementation in acute burn care. The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of early exercise training to modulate parameters of postburn muscle wasting and quality of life.

Resting energy expenditure, body composition, and metabolic alterations in breast cancer survivors vs. healthy controls: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the difference in absolute and fat free mass (FFM)-adjusted resting energy expenditure (mREE) and body composition (body weight, fat mass (FM), FFM) between breast cancer survivors (BCs) and controls. Correlations with body composition were analyzed. We examined if survival year, or being metabolically dysfunctional were predictive variables.

Comparison of energy expenditure measurements by a new basic respiratory room vs. classical ventilated hood.

Background: Nutritional support is often based on predicted resting energy expenditure (REE). In patients, predictions seem invalid. Indirect calorimetry is the gold standard for measuring EE.

The effects of chemotherapy on resting energy expenditure, body composition, and cancer-related fatigue in women with breast cancer: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent tumor in women. Improvements in treatment led to declined mortality, resulting in more survivors living with cancer- or therapy-induced comorbidities. In this study, we investigated the impact of neoplasia and chemotherapy on resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition, in relation to cancer-related fatigue.

Skeletal muscle wasting after burn is regulated by a decrease in anabolic signaling in the early flow phase.

Following burns a sustained catabolic stress response is activated, resulting in skeletal muscle wasting. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of postburn skeletal muscle wasting is essential for the development of preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. Six weeks old female rats underwent a sham, 10% or 40% total body surface area scald burn.

Effects of exercise training on muscle wasting, muscle strength and quality of life in adults with acute burn injury.

Objectives: Exercise training during the acute phase of burns is difficult to implement but offers potential benefits. This multicenter trial explored the effects of an exercise program on muscular changes and quality of life during burn center stay.

Methods: Fifty-seven adults with burns ranging between 10% and 70% TBSA were allocated to receive either standard of care (n = 29), or additionally exercise (n = 28), consisting of resistance and aerobic training, commenced as early as possible according to safety criteria.

Molecular mechanisms of post-burn muscle wasting and the therapeutic potential of physical exercise.

After a severe burn injury, a systemic stress response activates metabolic and inflammatory derangements that, among other, leads to muscle mass loss (muscle wasting). These negative effects on skeletal muscle continue for several months or years and are aggravated by short-term and long-term disuse. The dynamic balance between muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown (proteolysis) is regulated by complex signalling pathways that leads to an overall negative protein balance in skeletal muscle after a burn injury.

Reliability and feasibility of skeletal muscle ultrasound in the acute burn setting.

Objectives: Despite the impact of muscle wasting after burn, tools to quantify muscle wasting are lacking. This multi-centre study examined the utility of ultrasound to measure muscle mass in acute burn patients comparing different methodologies.

Methods: B-mode ultrasound was used by two raters to determine feasibility and inter-rater reliability in twenty burned adults following admission.

Pressure Curves, Static and Dynamic Stiffness of Different Two-Component Compression Systems for the Treatment of Chronic Edema of the Lower Limbs.

Compression is a cornerstone modality in edema treatment. Different types of bandages are available in clinical practice. Short-stretch bandages are commonly used; however, newer technologies such as the two-component compression system are available as well.

Status of adult inpatient burn rehabilitation in Europe: Are we neglecting metabolic outcomes?

Background: Hypermetabolism, muscle wasting and insulin resistance are challenging yet important rehabilitation targets in the management of burns. In the absence of concrete practice guidelines, however, it remains unclear how these metabolic targets are currently managed. This study aimed to describe the current practice of inpatient rehabilitation across Europe.

The effects of chemotherapy on energy metabolic aspects in cancer patients: A systematic review.

Background & Aims: Cancer survival rates have increased significantly creating more awareness for comorbidities affecting the Quality of Life. Chemotherapy may induce serious metabolic alterations. These complications can create an energy imbalance, worsening prognosis.

Vibrotactile Feedback During Physical Exercise: Perception of Vibrotactile Cues in Cycling.

The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of vibrotactile signals during physical exercise by comparing differences in recognition between stationary and cycling positions. The impact of physical exercise on the ability to perceive vibrotactile cues is unknown, whereas the recognition in stationary position has been shown previously. Vibrating elements were positioned at 3 locations on the thighs and spine of 9 athletes to apply various vibrotactile cues.

The effect of aerobic exercise on the number of migraine days, duration and pain intensity in migraine: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: In patients with frequent migraine, prophylactic treatments are used. Patients often request non-pharmacological alternatives. One treatment option can be aerobic exercise.

Test-retest variability of VO using total-capture indirect calorimetry reveals linear relationship of VO and Power.

This study aimed to analyze the intra-individual variation in VO of human subjects using total-capture and free-flow indirect calorimetry. Twenty-seven men (27 ± 5 year; VO 49-79 mL•kg •min ) performed two maximal exertion tests (CPETs) on a cycle ergometer, separated by a 7 ± 2 day interval. VO and VCO were assessed using an indirect calorimeter (Omnical) with total capture of exhalation in a free-flow airstream.

The effect of training interventions on physical performance, quality of life, and fatigue in patients receiving breast cancer treatment: a systematic review.

Objectives: The primary purpose of this systematic review is to structure the available evidence concerning physical exercise programs and their effects on (1) physical performance outcomes, (2) experienced fatigue, and (3) quality of life (QoL) in patients during the initial treatment for breast cancer.

Data Sources: A systematic literature search, based upon the PRISMA guideline, up to January 1, 2018, was performed using four databases (Web of Science, Cochrane Library for Clinical Trials, PubMed, and Medline).

Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) adults > 18 years; (2) patients with breast cancer undergoing initial treatment; (3) interventions with the aim to influence the patient's physical activity, QoL, or fatigue; (4) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of all ages.

Short and long-term impairments of cardiopulmonary fitness level in previous childhood cancer cases: a systematic review.

Purpose: To describe the impairments in physical fitness in individuals who were previously diagnosed and treated for childhood cancer.

Methods: Using the PRISMA-guidelines, a systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase using a combination of the following predefined keywords: "exercise capacity" OR "aerobic capacity" OR "fitness" OR "cardiorespiratory fitness" OR "cardiopulmonary fitness" OR "physical fitness" OR "exercise testing" OR "exercise tolerance" OR "exercise" OR "oxygen consumption" AND "leukemia" OR "childhood cancer" OR "childhood cancer survivors (CCS)". Studies that met our inclusion criteria were reviewed on methodological quality, while the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for evidence synthesis.

Vibrotactile feedback as a tool to improve motor learning and sports performance: a systematic review.

Background: Evidence concerning the use of vibrotactile feedback for acquiring and learning new motor skills is limited. Although various concepts and applications for tactile feedback have been proposed, little is known about the suitability of this feedback mechanism in sports training.

Aim: The goal of this systematic review was to gather knowledge on the efficacy of the use of vibrotactile feedback in improving sports performance skills.

Skeletal muscle transcriptome profiles related to different training intensities and detraining in Standardbred horses: a search for overtraining biomarkers.

Training horses improves athletic capabilities by inducing skeletal muscle-specific and systemic adaptations. However, rest is required to recover from exercise or else overtraining may occur and affect performance and welfare. Biomarkers would be useful to identify early chronic overtraining in animals.

Accuracy and precision of CPET equipment: a comparison of breath-by-breath and mixing chamber systems.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has become an important diagnostic tool for patients with cardiorespiratory disease and can monitor athletic performance measuring maximal oxygen uptake [Formula: see text]Vo2(; max). The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy and precision of a breath-by-breath and a mixing chamber CPET system, using two methods. First, this study developed a (theoretical) error analysis based on general error propagation theory.

Effects of intensified training and subsequent reduced training on glucose metabolism rate and peripheral insulin sensitivity in Standardbreds.

Objective: To determine the influence of intensified training and subsequent reduced training on glucose metabolism rate and peripheral insulin sensitivity in horses and identify potential markers indicative of early overtraining.

Animals: 12 Standardbred geldings.

Procedures: Horses underwent 4 phases of treadmill-based training.

Assessment of endogenous growth hormone pulsatility in gelded yearling horses using deconvolution analysis.

Hypothesis/objectives: Defining normal Growth Hormone (GH) secretory dynamics in the horse is necessary to understand altered GH dynamics related to issues like welfare and disease.

Animals And Methods: Twelve healthy yearlings and two mature Standardbreds were used to quantify GH secretion. Endogenous GH half-life was determined after administration of 1.