Disentangling the effect of space, time, and environmental and anthropogenic drivers on coastal macrobenthic β diversity in contrasting habitats over 15 years.

Coastal zones are biodiversity hotspots and deliver essential ecosystem functions and services, yet they are exposed to multiple and interacting anthropogenic and environmental constraints. The individual and cumulative effects of these constraints on benthic communities, a key component of coastal ecosystems, and their variability across space and time, remains to be thoroughly quantified to guide conservation actions. Here, we explored how the presence of biogenic habitats influences the response of benthic communities to natural and anthropogenic constraints.

Sediment grain size and benthic community structure in the eastern English Channel: Species-dependent responses and environmental influence.

This study addresses the scarcity of evidence on the relationship between benthic communities and coarse-grained sediments in the eastern English Channel. The region's geological history contributes to its predominantly coarse sediment composition. The study employs ternary plots to visualize benthic species' preferences and tolerance for sediment types, revealing their effectiveness.

Existing evidence on the impact of changes in marine ecosystem structure and functioning on ecosystem service delivery: a systematic map.

Background: The current biodiversity crisis underscores the urgent need for sustainable management of the human uses of nature. In the context of sustainability management, adopting the ecosystem service (ES) concept, i.e.

Contrasted phylogeographic patterns of hydrothermal vent gastropods along South West Pacific: Woodlark Basin, a possible contact zone and/or stepping-stone.

Understanding drivers of biodiversity patterns is essential to evaluate the potential impact of deep-sea mining on ecosystems resilience. While the South West Pacific forms an independent biogeographic province for hydrothermal vent fauna, different degrees of connectivity among basins were previously reported for a variety of species depending on their ability to disperse. In this study, we compared phylogeographic patterns of several vent gastropods across South West Pacific back-arc basins and the newly-discovered La Scala site on the Woodlark Ridge by analysing their genetic divergence using a barcoding approach.

Seasonal dynamics of marine protist communities in tidally mixed coastal waters.

Major seasonal community reorganizations and associated biomass variations are landmarks of plankton ecology. However, the processes of plankton community turnover rates have not been fully elucidated so far. Here, we analyse patterns of planktonic protist community succession in temperate latitudes, based on quantitative taxonomic data from both microscopy counts (cells >10 μm) and ribosomal DNA metabarcoding (size fraction >3 μm, 18S rRNA gene) from plankton samples collected bimonthly over 8 years (2009-2016) at the SOMLIT-Astan station (Roscoff, Western English Channel).

A comparative study of cognitive and socio-emotional development in children with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and children with Autism Spectrum Disorder associated with a severe intellectual disability, and in young typically developing children with matched developmental ages.

Background: Cognitive and socio-emotional profiles of children with CREBBP-related Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS 1), children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with severe intellectual disability and developmental ages (DA) under 24 months, and typically developing (TD) children with similar DA were compared.

Participants: Thirty-one children with RSTS 1 (mean chronological age, CA = 59,8 months; 33-87) and thirty children with ASD, matched on CA and DA and developmental quotients (DQ), were compared to thirty TD children (CA ranged from 12 to 24 months).

Methods: Cognitive and socio-emotional developmental levels, DA and DQ were assessed with appropriated tests.

Long-term spatio-temporal changes of the muddy fine sand benthic community of the Bay of Seine (eastern English Channel).

In the English Channel, the eastern Bay of Seine is exposed to numerous anthropogenic disturbances, in particular major changes in sediment dynamics, which are expected to greatly impact benthic communities. To assess the long-term effects of these stressors on the muddy fine sand benthic community, an original long-term monitoring program has been implemented since 1988. It is based on the sampling of a network of 60 stations during seven surveys over 28 years from 1988 to 2016.

Vertical distribution of brittle star larvae in two contrasting coastal embayments: implications for larval transport.

The ability of marine invertebrate larvae to control their vertical position shapes their dispersal pattern. In species characterized by large variations in population density, like many echinoderm species, larval dispersal may contribute to outbreak and die-off phenomena. A proliferation of the ophiuroid Ophiocomina nigra was observed for several years in western Brittany (France), inducing drastic changes on the benthic communities.

Heterogeneities in Cognitive and Socio-Emotional Development in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Severe Intellectual Disability as a Comorbidity.

Intellectual disability (ID) is frequently associated as a comorbidity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study investigated a) how similar the heterogeneity in the cognitive and socio-emotional developmental profiles was for children with ASD and ID, b) the difference between the subjects' profiles and those of typically developing children (TD) matched for developmental levels, c) the skills existing with the lowest and highest developmental levels, and d) the relationship between developmental profiles in ASD and the severity of autism, ID, and the overall developmental level. The sample was comprised of 119 children (101 boys and 18 girls) who ranged in chronological age (CA) from 21 months to 14 years ( = 5 years 2 months; SD = 2 years 6 months) with developmental levels lower than 24 months.

Principles of image reconstruction in optical interferometry: tutorial.

This paper provides a general introduction to the problem of image reconstruction from interferometric data. A simple model of the interferometric observables is given, and the issues arising from sparse Fourier data are discussed. The effects of various regularizations are described.

Proximity operators for phase retrieval.

We present a new formulation of a family of proximity operators that generalize the projector step for phase retrieval. These proximity operators for noisy intensity measurements can replace the classical "noise-free" projection in any projection-based algorithm. They are derived from a maximum-likelihood formulation and admit closed form solutions for both the Gaussian and the Poisson cases.

Spline Driven: High Accuracy Projectors for Tomographic Reconstruction From Few Projections.

Tomographic iterative reconstruction methods need a very thorough modeling of data. This point becomes critical when the number of available projections is limited. At the core of this issue is the projector design, i.

PAINTER: a spatiospectral image reconstruction algorithm for optical interferometry.

Astronomical optical interferometers sample the Fourier transform of the intensity distribution of a source at the observation wavelength. Because of rapid perturbations caused by atmospheric turbulence, the phases of the complex Fourier samples (visibilities) cannot be directly exploited. Consequently, specific image reconstruction methods have been devised in the last few decades.

Exploiting spatial sparsity for multiwavelength imaging in optical interferometry.

Optical interferometers provide multiple wavelength measurements. In order to fully exploit the spectral and spatial resolution of these instruments, new algorithms for image reconstruction have to be developed. Early attempts to deal with multichromatic interferometric data have consisted in recovering a gray image of the object or independent monochromatic images in some spectral bandwidths.

Optimal reconstruction for closed-loop ground-layer adaptive optics with elongated spots.

The design of the laser-guide-star-based adaptive optics (AO) systems for the Extremely Large Telescopes requires careful study of the issue of elongated spots produced on Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors. The importance of a correct modeling of the nonuniformity and correlations of the noise induced by this elongation has already been demonstrated for wavefront reconstruction. We report here on the first (to our knowledge) end-to-end simulations of closed-loop ground-layer AO with laser guide stars with such an improved noise model.

Fast minimum variance wavefront reconstruction for extremely large telescopes.

We present what we believe to be a new algorithm, FRactal Iterative Method (FRiM), aiming at the reconstruction of the optical wavefront from measurements provided by a wavefront sensor. As our application is adaptive optics on extremely large telescopes, our algorithm was designed with speed and best quality in mind. The latter is achieved thanks to a regularization that enforces prior statistics.

The social cognitive evaluation battery for children with autism: a new tool for the assessment of cognitive and social development in children with autism spectrum disorders.

The Social Cognitive Evaluation Battery (SCEB) is a new instrument for the psychological evaluation of children with autism. The battery consists of 16 scales that measure different cognitive and socioemotional functions. This study reports the results of a reliability analysis and some elements of validation.

Inline hologram reconstruction with sparsity constraints.

Inline digital holograms are classically reconstructed using linear operators to model diffraction. It has long been recognized that such reconstruction operators do not invert the hologram formation operator. Classical linear reconstructions yield images with artifacts such as distortions near the field-of-view boundaries or twin images.

Comparison of minimum-norm maximum likelihood and maximum a posteriori wavefront reconstructions for large adaptive optics systems.

The performances of various estimators for wavefront sensing applications such as adaptive optics (AO) are compared. Analytical expressions for the bias and variance terms in the mean squared error (MSE) are derived for the minimum-norm maximum likelihood (MNML) and the maximum a posteriori (MAP) reconstructors. The MAP estimator is analytically demonstrated to yield an optimal trade-off that reduces the MSE, hence leading to a better Strehl ratio.

Spatial variation of metal bioaccumulation in the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus.

The variability of the bioaccumulation of metals (Ag, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) was extensively studied in the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus from five hydrothermal vent sites inside three main vent fields of increasing depth along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Menez Gwen, Lucky Strike and Rainbow. Metal bioaccumulation varied greatly between vent fields and even between sites inside a vent field with B. azoricus showing a great capacity to accumulate metals.

New generation photon-counting cameras: algol and CPNG.

Algol and Comptage de Photons Nouvelle Génération (CPNG) are new generation photon counting cameras developed for high angular resolution in the visible by means of optical aperture synthesis and speckle interferometry and for photon noise limited fast imaging of biological targets. They are intensified CCDs. They have been built to benefit from improvements in photonic commercial components, sensitivity, and personal computer workstations processing power.

Inverse problem approach in particle digital holography: out-of-field particle detection made possible.

We propose a microparticle detection scheme in digital holography. In our inverse problem approach, we estimate the optimal particles set that best models the observed hologram image. Such a method can deal with data that have missing pixels.

Phase retrieval from speckle images.

In ground-based astronomy, the inverse problem of phase retrieval from speckle images is a means to calibrate static aberrations for correction by active optics. It can also be used to sense turbulent wavefronts. However, the number of local minima drastically increases with the turbulence strength, mainly because of phase wrapping ambiguities.

Inverse-problem approach for particle digital holography: accurate location based on local optimization.

We propose a microparticle localization scheme in digital holography. Most conventional digital holography methods are based on Fresnel transform and present several problems such as twin-image noise, border effects, and other effects. To avoid these difficulties, we propose an inverse-problem approach, which yields the optimal particle set that best models the observed hologram image.