Antiretroviral Drug Repositioning for Glioblastoma.

Outcomes for glioblastoma (GBM) remain poor despite standard-of-care treatments including surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Intratumoral heterogeneity contributes to treatment resistance and poor prognosis, thus demanding novel therapeutic approaches. Drug repositioning studies on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have shown promising potent antineoplastic effects in multiple cancers; however, its efficacy in GBM remains unclear.

Surgical Management of Thoracolumbar Adjacent Segment Disease: Techniques and Outcomes in 107 Patients Undergoing Surgical Intervention.

Background: Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is a known sequela of thoracolumbar instrumented fusions. Various surgical options are available to address ASD in patients with intractable symptoms who have failed conservative measures. However, the optimal treatment strategy for symptomatic ASD has not been established.

Intrathecal chemotherapy for leptomeningeal disease in high-grade gliomas: a systematic review.

Background: Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) secondary to high grade glioma (HGG), such as glioblastoma (GBM), are characterized by the spread of tumor cells to the leptomeninges which further complicates treatment approaches. Intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy has surfaced as a potential strategy to bypass the blood-brain barrier and address the challenges posed by disseminated disease. Here, we present a review of the safety and efficacy of IT chemotherapy in the treatment of LMD secondary to HGG.

A review on graphene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors.

Biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity and a low limit of detection, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, are important to the medical sciences and healthcare industry for evaluating physiological and metabolic parameters. Over the last decade, different nanomaterials have been exploited to design highly efficient biosensors for the detection of analyte biomolecules. The discovery of graphene has spectacularly accelerated research on fabricating low-cost electrode materials because of its unique physical properties, including high specific surface area, high carrier mobility, high electrical conductivity, flexibility, and optical transparency.

Flexible Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS) Atomic Layers for Wearable Electronics and Optoelectronics.

Flexible, stretchable, and bendable materials, including inorganic semiconductors, organic polymers, graphene, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are attracting great attention in such areas as wearable electronics, biomedical technologies, foldable displays, and wearable point-of-care biosensors for healthcare. Among a broad range of layered TMDs, atomically thin layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS) has been of particular interest, due to its exceptional electronic properties, including tunable bandgap and charge carrier mobility. MoS atomic layers can be used as a channel or a gate dielectric for fabricating atomically thin field-effect transistors (FETs) for electronic and optoelectronic devices.

Flexible Graphene-Based Wearable Gas and Chemical Sensors.

Wearable electronics is expected to be one of the most active research areas in the next decade; therefore, nanomaterials possessing high carrier mobility, optical transparency, mechanical robustness and flexibility, lightweight, and environmental stability will be in immense demand. Graphene is one of the nanomaterials that fulfill all these requirements, along with other inherently unique properties and convenience to fabricate into different morphological nanostructures, from atomically thin single layers to nanoribbons. Graphene-based materials have also been investigated in sensor technologies, from chemical sensing to detection of cancer biomarkers.

Atomic layer etching of graphene through controlled ion beam for graphene-based electronics.

The electronic and optical properties of graphene are greatly dependent on the the number of layers. For the precise control of the graphene layers, atomic layer etching (ALE), a cyclic etching method achieved through chemical adsorption and physical desorption, can be the most powerful technique due to barely no damage and no contamination. In this study, we demonstrated the ALE process of graphene layers without noticeably damaging the graphene by using a controlled low energy oxygen (O/O)-ion for chemical adsorption and a low energy Ar-ion (11.

Atomic Layer Etching Mechanism of MoS for Nanodevices.

Among the layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) that can form stable two-dimensional crystal structures, molybdenum disulfide (MoS) has been intensively investigated because of its unique properties in various electronic and optoelectronic applications with different band gap energies from 1.29 to 1.9 eV as the number of layers decreases.

Atomically Thin-Layered Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS) for Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are becoming significant because of their interesting semiconducting and photonic properties. In particular, TMDs such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS), molybdenum diselenide (MoSe), tungsten disulfide (WS), tungsten diselenide (WSe), titanium disulfide (TiS), tantalum sulfide (TaS), and niobium selenide (NbSe) are increasingly attracting attention for their applications in solar cell devices. In this review, we give a brief introduction to TMDs with a focus on MoS; and thereafter, emphasize the role of atomically thin MoS layers in fabricating solar cell devices, including bulk-heterojunction, organic, and perovskites-based solar cells.

Graphene-Based Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Review.

The current highest power-conversion efficiencies found for different types of solar cell devices range from 20% to 46%, depending on the nature of the photovoltaic materials used and device configuration. Graphene has emerged as an important organic photovoltaic material for photoenergy conversion, where graphene can be used as a transparent electrode, active interfacial layer, electron transport layer, hole transport layer, or electron/hole separation layer in fabricating solar cell devices. This review article briefly discusses some recent advances made in different types of photovoltaic materials, and then summarizes the current status of graphene-based bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, including graphene-containing perovskite and tandem solar cell devices.