Enhancement of fast scan cyclic voltammetry detection of dopamine with tryptophan-modified electrodes.

Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) allows for real -time analysis of phasic neurotransmitter levels. Tryptophan (TRP) is an aromatic amino acid responsible for facilitating electron transfer kinetics in oxidoreductase enzymes. Previous work with TRP-modified electrodes showed increased sensitivity for cyclic voltammetry detection of dopamine (DA) when used with slower scan rates (0.

Improving in Situ Electrode Calibration with Principal Component Regression for Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry.

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry with a carbon-fiber microelectrode is an increasingly popular technique for in vivo measurements of electroactive neurotransmitters, most notably dopamine. Calibration of these electrodes is essential for many uses, but it is complicated by the many factors that affect an electrode's sensitivity when it is implanted in neural tissue. Experienced practitioners of fast-scan cyclic voltammetry are well aware that an electrode's sensitivity to dopamine depends on both the size and shape of the electrode's background waveform.

A pipette-based calibration system for fast-scan cyclic voltammetry with fast response times.

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an electrochemical technique that utilizes the oxidation and/or reduction of an analyte of interest to infer rapid changes in concentrations. In order to calibrate the resulting oxidative or reductive current, known concentrations of an analyte must be introduced under controlled settings. Here, I describe a simple and cost-effective method, using a Petri dish and pipettes, for the calibration of carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMs) using FSCV.

Characterization of Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetric Electrodes Using Paraffin as an Effective Sealant with In Vitro and In Vivo Applications.

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a powerful technique for measuring sub-second changes in neurotransmitter levels. A great time-limiting factor in the use of FSCV is the production of high-quality recording electrodes; common recording electrodes consist of cylindrical carbon fiber encased in borosilicate glass. When the borosilicate is heated and pulled, the molten glass ideally forms a tight seal around the carbon fiber cylinder.

Methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity disrupts naturally occurring phasic dopamine signaling.

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive drug that is also neurotoxic to central dopamine (DA) systems. Although striatal DA depletions induced by METH are associated with behavioral and cognitive impairments, the link between these phenomena remains poorly understood. Previous work in both METH-pretreated animals and the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease suggests that a disruption of phasic DA signaling, which is important for learning and goal-directed behavior, may be such a link.

High doses of amphetamine augment, rather than disrupt, exocytotic dopamine release in the dorsal and ventral striatum of the anesthetized rat.

High doses of amphetamine (AMPH) are thought to disrupt normal patterns of action potential-dependent dopaminergic neurotransmission by depleting vesicular stores of dopamine (DA) and inducing robust non-exocytotic DA release or efflux via dopamine transporter (DAT) reversal. However, these cardinal AMPH actions have been difficult to establish definitively in vivo. Here, we use fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in the urethane-anesthetized rat to evaluate the effects of 10 and 20 mg/kg AMPH on vesicular DA release and DAT function in dorsal and ventral striata.

Amphetamine augments action potential-dependent dopaminergic signaling in the striatum in vivo.

Amphetamine (AMPH) is thought to disrupt normal patterns of action potential-dependent dopaminergic signaling by depleting dopamine (DA) vesicular stores and promoting non-exocytotic DA efflux. Voltammetry in brain slices concurrently demonstrates these key drug effects, along with competitive inhibition of neuronal DA uptake. Here, we perform comparable kinetic and voltammetric analyses in vivo to determine whether AMPH acts qualitatively and quantitatively similar in the intact brain.

A miniaturized device for wireless FSCV monitoring of dopamine in an ambulatory subject.

This paper reports on a miniaturized device for wireless monitoring of extracellular dopamine levels in the brain of an ambulatory rat using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at a carbon-fiber microelectrode. The device comprises integrated circuitry for neurochemical recording fabricated in 0.5-microm double-poly triple-metal CMOS technology, which is assembled and packaged on a miniature rigid-flex substrate together with a few external components for supply generation, biasing, and chip programming.