Effects of a New Enzymatic Debrider (SN514-066b) on Eschar Protein Digestion, Burn Wound Debridement, and Healthy Skin Irritation.

SN514 is a thermolysin-like enzyme under development as a debrider. Preclinical and non-clinical studies supported a first in human healthy volunteer study to predict the need for protection of periwound skin. Pharmacologic activity testing compared digestion of collagen, fibrin, and elastin with relevant enzymes.

Risk of first-episode psychosis in migrants to the Republic of Ireland.

Background: Migration is an established risk factor for developing a psychotic disorder in countries with a long history of migration. Less is known for countries with only a recent history of migration. This study aimed to determine the risk for developing a psychotic disorder in migrants to the Republic of Ireland.

Enzymatic Debridement of Porcine Burn Wounds via a Novel Protease, SN514.

Necrotic tissue generated by a thermal injury is typically removed via surgical debridement. However, this procedure is commonly associated with blood loss and the removal of viable healthy tissue. For some patients and contexts such as extended care on the battlefield, it would be preferable to remove devitalized tissue with a nonsurgical debridement agent.

Higher rates of disengagement among young adults attending a general adult community mental health team: Time to consider a youth-specific service?

Aim: The initial onset of mental illness occurs most frequently in adolescence or early adulthood. In order to inform the development of mental health services tailored for youth, we sought to compare the characteristics of young (18-25 years old) and older (over 25 years old) adults following referral to a general adult community mental health team.

Methods: All individuals referred to a Dublin-based community mental health team and offered an appointment between January 1 and December 31, 2016 were included in the study.

Early intervention in psychosis: health economic evaluation using the net benefit approach in a real-world setting.

Background: Early intervention in psychosis is a complex intervention, usually delivered in a specialist stand-alone setting, which aims to improve outcomes for people with psychosis. Previous studies have been criticised because the control used did not accurately reflect actual practice.

Aims: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early intervention by estimating the incremental net benefit (INB) of an early-intervention programme, delivered in a real-world setting.

Cadexomer iodine effectively reduces bacterial biofilm in porcine wounds ex vivo and in vivo.

Biofilms are prevalent in non-healing chronic wounds and implicated in delayed healing. Tolerance to antimicrobial treatments and the host's immune system leave clinicians with limited interventions against biofilm populations. It is therefore essential that effective treatments be rigorously tested and demonstrate an impact on biofilm across multiple experimental models to guide clinical investigations and protocols.

Novel mechanisms of Collagenase Santyl Ointment (CSO) in wound macrophage polarization and resolution of wound inflammation.

Collagenases are useful in enzymatic wound debridement. Clostridial collagenase, marketed as Collagenase Santyl Ointment (CSO), is FDA approved for such use. Building on the scientific premise that collagenases as well as collagen degradation products may regulate immune cell function, we sought to investigate the potential role of CSO in wound inflammation.

Negative symptoms of psychosis: A life course approach and implications for prevention and treatment.

Aim: Negative symptoms are a cause of enduring disability in serious mental illness. In spite of this, the development of effective treatments for negative symptoms has remained slow. The challenge of improving negative symptom outcomes is compounded by our limited understanding of their aetiology and longitudinal development.

Predictors of change in social networks, support and satisfaction following a first episode psychosis: A cohort study.

Background: Diminished social networks are common in psychosis but few studies have measured these comprehensively and prospectively to determine how networks and support evolve during the early phase. There is little information regarding perceived support in the early phase of illness. The aim of this study was to describe social support, networks and perceived satisfaction, explore the clinical correlates of these outcomes and examine whether phases of untreated psychosis are linked with social network variables to determine potential opportunities for intervention.

Caregiver burden and distress following the patient's discharge from psychiatric hospital.

Caring for someone with a mental illness is increasingly occurring within the community. As a result, family members who fulfil a caregiving role may experience substantial levels of burden and psychological distress. This study investigates the level of burden and psychological distress reported by caregivers after the patient's admission.

Feasibility of a psychosis information intervention to improve mental health literacy for professional groups in contact with young people.

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a psychosis information intervention for professionals in contact with young people in Ireland. A quasi-experimental pre- and post-intervention design was used. One thousand and thirty-two professionals received an information intervention designed to improve mental health literacy (MHL) and confidence in providing help to people with psychosis.

Cadexomer iodine provides superior efficacy against bacterial wound biofilms in vitro and in vivo.

Examination of clinical samples indicates bacterial biofilms are present in the majority of chronic wounds, and substantial evidence suggests biofilms contribute significantly to delayed healing. Bacteria in biofilms are highly tolerant of antimicrobials, and little data exist to guide the choice of anti-biofilm wound therapy. Cadexomer iodine (CI) was recently reported to have superior efficacy compared to diverse wound dressings against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in an ex vivo model.

The prognostic value of formal thought disorder following first episode psychosis.

Background: Formal thought disorder (FTD) is associated with poor outcome in established psychotic illnesses and it can be assessed as a categorical or dimensional variable. However, its influence on functional outcome and hospitalisation patterns in early psychosis has not been investigated. We evaluated the relationship between FTD and these outcomes in a first episode psychosis (FEP) sample.

Neighbourhood level social deprivation and the risk of psychotic disorders: a systematic review.

Purpose: The incidence of psychotic disorders varies according to the geographical area, and it has been investigated whether neighbourhood level factors may be associated with this variation. The aim of this systematic review is to collate and appraise the literature on the association between social deprivation and the incidence or risk for psychotic disorders.

Method: A systematic review was conducted, and studies were included if they were in English, provided a measure of social deprivation for more than one geographically defined area and examined either the correlation, rate ratio or risk of psychotic disorder.

Language disturbance and functioning in first episode psychosis.

Language disturbance has a central role in the presentation of psychotic disorders however its relationship with functioning requires further clarification, particularly in first episode psychosis (FEP). Both language disturbance and functioning can be evaluated with clinician-rated and performance-based measures. We aimed to investigate the concurrent association between clinician-rated and performance-based measures of language disturbance and functioning in FEP.

The factor structure and clinical utility of formal thought disorder in first episode psychosis.

Background: Formal thought disorder (FTD) is a core feature of psychosis, however there are gaps in our knowledge about its prevalence and factor structure. We had two aims: first, to establish the factor structure of FTD; second, to explore the clinical utility of dimensions of FTD in order to further the understanding of its nosology.

Methods: A cross-validation study was undertaken to establish the factor structure of FTD in first episode psychosis (FEP).

Longer term outcomes of voluntarily admitted service users with high levels of perceived coercion.

Voluntarily admitted service users can report levels of perceived coercion comparable to those admitted involuntarily, yet little is known of this groups longer term outcome. The 'coerced voluntary' had a score of 4 or above on the MacArthur perceived coercion scale and one year after discharge, they had a better therapeutic relationship compared to involuntarily admitted service users. There was no difference between the coerced voluntary, uncoerced voluntary and involuntary groups in engagement, satisfaction and functioning.

Caregivers' perceptions of coercion in psychiatric hospital admission.

While knowledge on service users' perspective on their admissions to psychiatric wards has improved substantially in the last decade, there is a paucity of knowledge of the perspectives of caregivers. This study aimed to determine caregiver's perception of the levels of perceived coercion, perceived pressures and procedural justice experienced by service users during their admission to acute psychiatric in-patient units. The perspective of caregivers were then compared to the perspectives of their related service users, who had been admitted to five psychiatric units in Ireland.

Quality of Life and Functioning One Year After Experiencing Accumulated Coercive Events During Psychiatric Admission.

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the number of accumulated coercive events experienced by patients during inpatient admission, the patients' functioning and quality of life (QOL) one year after discharge, and associations between these variables and patient characteristics and between follow-up outcomes and number of accumulated coercive events.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was undertaken at three community services and an independent hospital in Ireland (N=162). Accumulated coercive events scores were based on patients' legal status, perceived coercion, and exposure to physical restraint, seclusion, or forced medication.

The Epidemiology and Associated Phenomenology of Formal Thought Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Background: Authors of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) have recommended to "integrate dimensions into clinical practice." The epidemiology and associated phenomenology of formal thought disorder (FTD) have been described but not reviewed. We aimed to carry out a systematic review of FTD to this end.

The therapeutic relationship after psychiatric admission.

The therapeutic relationship is one of the most central and important factors in the treatment of mental health disorders. A better therapeutic relationship is associated with service engagement, medication adherence, and satisfaction with services. This study aimed to compare the demographic and clinical factors associated with the therapeutic relationship in voluntarily and involuntarily admitted psychiatric service users.

Satisfaction with services following voluntary and involuntary admission.

Background: Service user perspectives are essential for the evaluation and development of mental health services. Service users expressing less satisfaction with services subsequently have poorer treatment outcomes.

Aims: To measure satisfaction with services following psychiatric admission, and to explore its relationship with a number of clinical and service factors.