Metastatic Gastric Cancer to the Colon.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide, especially amongst older males. Current data suggest gastric cancer is the fifth most common neoplasm and the third most deadly cancer, with an estimated 783,000 deaths in 2018. Risk factors associated with the development of gastric cancer include obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, infection, and low socioeconomic status.

Esophagitis Dissecans Superficialis (EDS) Secondary to Hair Dye Ingestion: Case Report and Literature Review.

Esophagitis dissecans superficialis (EDS) is a rare and underdiagnosed esophageal lesion characterized by sloughing of the esophageal mucosa that has been associated with medications, various autoimmune disorders, and exposure to some chemical irritants. Anatomically, EDS is most commonly seen in the middle and distal thirds of the esophagus. When present, EDS is best treated by discontinuing the offending agent and initiating pharmacologic therapy with proton pump inhibitors.

Epidemiology of esophageal cancer: update in global trends, etiology and risk factors.

Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common type of cancer worldwide and constitutes the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths. It is characterized by its high mortality rate, poor prognosis at time of diagnosis and variability based on geographic location. Present day, the prevalence of esophageal cancer is in transition.

Implementing visual cues to improve the efficacy of screening colonoscopy: exploiting the Hawthorne effect.

Background: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for colon cancer screening. Adenoma detection rate and a withdrawal time of 6 min are quality metrics to measure the efficacy of colonoscopy in colon cancer screening. The aim of our study was to exploit the Hawthorne effect in an effort to ensure adherence to a minimum 6-min withdrawal time and subsequently increase adenoma detection rate.

Esophageal Cancer: An Updated Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Database Analysis.

Background: Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths and the eighth most common cancer worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 25%. Here we report the incidence, risk factors and treatment options that are available currently, and moving into the future.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database made available by the National Cancer Institute in the USA.

Elevated International Normalized Ratio: A Risk Factor for Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhotic Patients.

Background: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a complication that is commonly seen in patients with cirrhosis and an entity that leads to increased mortality in patients who undergo liver transplantation. This study aims to establish a link between an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) and the presence of PVT in a cohort of cirrhotic patients.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of all patients diagnosed with cirrhosis in SBH Health System from 2013 to 2018.

An unexpected surprise: Delayed gastric outlet obstruction from coin ingestion.

Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is characterized by postprandial vomiting due to mechanical obstruction. Rarely it can occur due to ingestion of a foreign body. Most cases of foreign body ingestion are benign, with passage of the ingested object into the stool with no clinical sequelae.

Rectal Dieulafoy's Lesion: A Rare Etiology of Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.

A Dieulafoy's lesion is defined as a dilated submucosal vessel that erodes the overlying epithelium without evidence of a primary ulcer or erosion. It is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding that is difficult to identify and subsequently manage. Most commonly, they occur in the upper gastrointestinal tract, namely the stomach.

Achalasia Cardia Resulting in Bronchial Obstruction - A Case Series and Literature Review.

Achalasia is a motility disorder of the esophagus that is characterized by loss of ganglionic neurons within the myenteric plexus of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resulting in failure of the LES to relax. Clinically this disorder presents with simultaneous dysphagia to solids and liquids, and if left untreated, leads to esophageal dilation, which can give rise to many adverse consequences. Extrinsic compression of respiratory structures is one such consequence, and rarely, cases of tracheal compression secondary to achalasia have been reported.

New onset Heyde's syndrome presenting after total aortic valve replacement.

Heyde's syndrome is a well-documented entity in the medical literature that can result in life-threatening gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. It is a syndrome that is characterized by the combination of GI angioectasias and aortic stenosis. In most cases, the GI angioectasias resolve entirely with correction of the stenotic valve by way of total aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Burkitt's Lymphoma of the Gastrohepatic Omentum: A Malignant Presentation of Pseudoachalasia.

Achalasia is an intrinsic disorder of the esophagus that results from loss of ganglion cells in the lower esophageal sphincter. Clinically it is manifested by dysphagia to solids and liquids, weight loss, regurgitation, and chest pain. Pseudoachalasia, in contrast, is a rare entity that causes identical symptoms, but has a divergent underlying pathogenesis.

Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome, a Rare Cause of Hematochezia.

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare disorder with a wide array of clinical manifestations. It is primarily a disorder of vascular malformations that is classically associated with the development of hemangiomas and venous malformations. Rarely will KTS present with visceral involvement.

Rectal leiomyoma, a rare entity.

Rectal tumors are often encountered as an incidental finding on screening colonoscopy. As per the World Health Organization, they are categorized according to their histologic appearance. These include epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and lymphomas.

An Innocent Esophageal Mucosal Bridge: Case Report and Literature Review.

An esophageal mucosal bridge is a rare finding that is seldom encountered on upper endoscopy. They most commonly present secondary to an underlying inflammatory disorder and cause chest pain and dysphagia, among other symptoms. More rarely, they present asymptomatically with no identifiable inflammatory conditions.

Gastric schwannoma-a rare benign mimic of gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Schwannomas most commonly manifest as acoustic neuromas in the vestibulo-cochlear nerve (CN VIII). These may occur unilaterally as primary tumors, or bilaterally secondary to neurofibromatosis type 2. More rarely, they present in extra-cranial sites, including the gastrointestinal tract.