Microbial trait multifunctionality drives soil organic matter formation potential.

Soil microbes are a major source of organic residues that accumulate as soil organic matter, the largest terrestrial reservoir of carbon on Earth. As such, there is growing interest in determining the microbial traits that drive soil organic matter formation and stabilization; however, whether certain microbial traits consistently predict soil organic matter accumulation across different functional pools (e.g.

An overview of the non-procedural treatment options for peripheral neuropathic pain.

Peripheral neuropathic pain is common in patients with peripheral nerve injury and can significantly impact both their function and quality of life. There is a wide variety of non-interventional treatment approaches, including pharmacologic therapy, physical/occupational therapy, modalities (therapeutic, mechanical, thermal, etc.), psychology, and lifestyle modification.

Duodenal Ulceration Erosion Into the Common Bile Duct Status Post-Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Case Report.

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) affects approximately four million people worldwide. The most common etiologies of PUD are  (H. pylori) infections, chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, and smoking.

Association between electrodiagnosis and neuromuscular ultrasound in the diagnosis and assessment of severity of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Background: Neuromuscular ultrasound plays an increasing role in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). There are limited data supporting the correlation between the electrodiagnostic studies and ultrasound measurements in CTS.

Objective: To assess the association between different electrodiagnostic severities and ultrasound measurements of the median nerve in CTS.

A high-quality draft genome sequence of , causative agent of beech bark disease of .

The draft genome of was sequenced with Oxford Nanopore and Illumina 250 bp paired-end sequencing technologies. The assembled genome was 42.9 Mb distributed over 24 contigs, with N50 of 4.

Dense nanolipid fluid dispersions comprising ibuprofen: Single step extrusion process and drug properties.

Dense nanolipid fluid (DNLF) dispersions are highly concentrated aqueous dispersions of lipid nanocarriers (LNCs) with more than 10 lipid particles per cubic centimeter. Descriptions of dense nanolipid fluid dispersions in the scientific literature are rare, and they have not been used to encapsulate drugs. In this paper we describe the synthesis of DNLF dispersions comprising ibuprofen using a recently described twin-screw extrusion process.

Complete sternal-sparing left ventricular assist device implantation is associated with improved postoperative mobility.

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation via a complete sternal-sparing (CSS) technique is gaining interest due to several potential benefits. We hypothesized that the CSS approach for HeartMate 3 (HM3) LVAD implantation improves postoperative mobility and physical independence compared to full sternotomy (FS). We retrospectively reviewed patients who were implanted with a commercial HM3 at our institution from September 2017 to August 2018.

Characterization of mating type genes in heterothallic species, with emphasis on , and .

and are canker pathogens involved in an insect-fungus disease complex of American beech () in North America commonly known as beech bark disease (BBD). In Europe, both and are involved in BBD on European beech (). Field observations across the range of BBD indicate ascospores to be the dominant spore type in the environment.

One-step extrusion of concentrated lidocaine lipid nanocarrier (LNC) dispersions.

Lipid nanocarriers (LNCs) have been successfully produced by many methods including high pressure homogenization, sonication and microemulsification, but it remains very difficult to produce dispersions with greater than 30% LNCs, volume average particle diameter less than 150 nm, and concentration of drugs useful for topical products. This research is the first to propose and demonstrate extrusion to manufacture highly concentrated drug containing LNC dispersions continuously and economically in a single step. By treating crude emulsions in a twin-screw extruder which has sections for homogenizing, mixing and fast-cooling inside the extruder, lidocaine-loaded LNC dispersions were successfully generated with lipid concentration up to 60% and particle diameters less than 50 nm.

Drought and plant litter chemistry alter microbial gene expression and metabolite production.

Drought represents a significant stress to microorganisms and is known to reduce microbial activity and organic matter decomposition in Mediterranean ecosystems. However, we lack a detailed understanding of the drought stress response of microbial decomposers. Here we present metatranscriptomic and metabolomic data on the physiological response of in situ microbial communities on plant litter to long-term drought in Californian grass and shrub ecosystems.

Carbon Use Efficiency and Its Temperature Sensitivity Covary in Soil Bacteria.

The strategy that microbial decomposers take with respect to using substrate for growth versus maintenance is one essential biological determinant of the propensity of carbon to remain in soil. To quantify the environmental sensitivity of this key physiological trade-off, we characterized the carbon use efficiency (CUE) of 23 soil bacterial isolates across seven phyla at three temperatures and with up to four substrates. Temperature altered CUE in both an isolate-specific manner and a substrate-specific manner.

Palmaris Longus Tendinopathy Diagnosed With Ultrasound: A Case Report.

This patient is a 52-year-old woman who was referred to the electrodiagnostic (EDX) laboratory for evaluation of pain and paresthesias of the left upper limb. The results of the EDX study were normal. However, ultrasound revealed tendinopathy of the palmaris longus tendon, manifested by increased hypoechogenicity, caliber, and tenderness in response to sonopalpation compared to the right side.

Improving the Performance Time and Accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided Interventions: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Trial of the Line-of-Sight Approach and the "APPLES" Mnemonic.

Objectives: To determine whether the line-of-sight approach improved the performance time and accuracy of ultrasound (US)-guided needle placement targeting the subdeltoid bursa in a cadaver among novice operators compared to the side approach. A secondary objective was to determine whether participants thought the APPLES (angle, position, perpendicular, line up, entry, sweep) mnemonic was a helpful guide for performing the procedure.

Methods: Medical students and residents were randomized into either a line-of-sight or side approach group and then crossed over to the other group.

Species associations overwhelm abiotic conditions to dictate the structure and function of wood-decay fungal communities.

Environmental conditions exert strong controls on the activity of saprotrophic microbes, yet abiotic factors often fail to adequately predict wood decomposition rates across broad spatial scales. Given that species interactions can have significant positive and negative effects on wood-decay fungal activity, one possibility is that biotic processes serve as the primary controls on community function, with abiotic controls emerging only after species associations are accounted for. Here we explore this hypothesis in a factorial field warming- and nitrogen-addition experiment by examining relationships among wood decomposition rates, fungal activity, and fungal community structure.

Fungi exposed to chronic nitrogen enrichment are less able to decay leaf litter.

Saprotrophic fungi are the primary decomposers of plant litter in temperate forests, and their activity is critical for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. Simulated atmospheric N deposition is associated with reduced fungal biomass, shifts in fungal community structure, slowed litter decay, and soil C accumulation. Although rarely studied, N deposition may also result in novel selective pressures on fungi, affecting evolutionary trajectories.

Cryogenic electron microscopy study of nanoemulsion formation from microemulsions.

We examine a process of preparing oil-in-water nanoemulsions by quenching (diluting and cooling) precursor microemulsions made with nonionic surfactants and a cosurfactant. The precursor microemulsion structure is varied by changing the concentration of the cosurfactant. Water-continuous microemulsions produce initial nanoemulsion structures that are small and simple, mostly unilamellar vesicles, but microemulsions that are not water-continuous produce initial nanoemulsion structures that are larger and multilamellar.

User's guide to a randomized trial about an orthopaedic implant.

Evidence-based orthopaedic surgery emphasizes the need to properly appraise the available literature to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic interventions before accepting them into daily practice. A properly designed and well-conducted randomized controlled trial provides a very high level of evidence on which to guide clinical decisions in orthopaedic surgery. The purpose of this article is to assist orthopaedic surgeons with this process, focusing on critically reviewing randomized controlled trials.