AI Applications to Breast MRI: Today and Tomorrow.

In breast imaging, there is an unrelenting increase in the demand for breast imaging services, partly explained by continuous expanding imaging indications in breast diagnosis and treatment. As the human workforce providing these services is not growing at the same rate, the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in breast imaging has gained significant momentum to maximize workflow efficiency and increase productivity while concurrently improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes. Thus far, the implementation of AI in breast imaging is at the most advanced stage with mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis techniques, followed by ultrasound, whereas the implementation of AI in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not moving along as rapidly due to the complexity of MRI examinations and fewer available dataset.

Nodule Detection and Generation on Chest X-Rays: NODE21 Challenge.

Pulmonary nodules may be an early manifestation of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women. Numerous studies have established that deep learning methods can yield high-performance levels in the detection of lung nodules in chest X-rays. However, the lack of gold-standard public datasets slows down the progression of the research and prevents benchmarking of methods for this task.

Artificial intelligence and explanation: How, why, and when to explain black boxes.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is infiltrating nearly all fields of science by storm. One notorious property that AI algorithms bring is their so-called black box character. In particular, they are said to be inherently unexplainable algorithms.

Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Breast MRI: Applications in Breast Cancer Primary Treatment Response Assessment and Prediction.

Primary systemic therapy (PST) is the treatment of choice in patients with locally advanced breast cancer and is nowadays also often used in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Although imaging remains pivotal to assess response to PST accurately, the use of imaging to predict response to PST has the potential to not only better prognostication but also allow the de-escalation or omission of potentially toxic treatment with undesirable adverse effects, the accelerated implementation of new targeted therapies, and the mitigation of surgical delays in selected patients. In response to the limited ability of radiologists to predict response to PST via qualitative, subjective assessments of tumors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), artificial intelligence-enhanced MRI with classical machine learning, and in more recent times, deep learning, have been used with promising results to predict response, both before the start of PST and in the early stages of treatment.

Psychoanalytic Meta-Theory: A Modern Ego Psychology View.

This article describes the meta-theory level of psychoanalytic theory and uses it to show the commonalities of the major metapsychologies.

Religious delusions in an evangelical Christian woman with anorexia nervosa.

This case report describes the history and hospital course of a 42-year-old devout evangelical Christian woman with a long standing history of anorexia nervosa, binge/purge type, who developed religious delusions, including the conviction that God was prohibiting her from eating. The discussion emphasizes the difficulties of diagnosing and treating psychosis in devout individuals, and the interplay between anorexia, psychosis, and religion.

Transference and countertransference to medication and its implications for ego function.

Transference to medication can provide important information about specific ego dysfunction in sicker patients who often need medication. Whether positive or negative or both in content, the organization of the experience provides one example of the illness' effect on the patients' ego and can therefore be a specific diagnostic assessment strategy. Early resistances to medication may reveal the nature of resistances to the therapeutic alliance and to higher-level ego function.

Medical student dreams about medical school: the unconscious developmental process of becoming a physician.

This paper is a report on a collection of almost four hundred dreams of medical students and postgraduate trainees with the manifest content about medical training. It is a unique dream collection from a defined population that experiences a developmental sequence of observable, reality events. The reality events appear in the manifest content of the dreams along with their symbolic alterations.