Does robotic surgical assistant (ROSA) functionally aligned TKA lead to higher satisfaction than conventional mechanically aligned TKA: A propensity-matched pair analysis.

Objectives: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the established treatment for severe knee osteoarthritis, with robotic-assisted TKA (rTKA) proposed to enhance surgical precision and potentially improve outcomes. This study investigates whether functionally-aligned rTKA using the ROSA Knee System results in superior functional outcomes and patient satisfaction compared to conventional mechanically aligned TKA (mTKA).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, propensity-score matched cohort study including 154 patients (46 rTKA, 108 mTKA) who underwent primary TKA by a single surgeon from October 2020 to October 2023.

Determination of Ki-67 indices in neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract: the past, the present, and the future.

Ki-67 index (Ki-67i) is integral to the grading of many tumours. There remains considerable variability across pathologists in methods used to determine Ki-67i and in their results. Manual counting (or "eyeballing") is widely used, but digital pathology tools such as web-based image analysis and artificial intelligence-assisted cell detection software have become available in daily pathology practice.

Successful 24-hour discharge for total knee arthroplasty: importance of timing of surgery and physiotherapy in enhanced recovery after surgery protocol.

Introduction: The current literature is mixed on which patient factors, if any, predict the rate of successful discharge within 24 h of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to investigate the influence of timing of surgery and physiotherapy on the rate of successful 24-h discharge.

Methods: All 342 patients who underwent ERAS day surgery TKA from August 2020 to July 2021 were followed up prospectively.

Feasibility and Methodology of a Pilot Free Blood Pressure Monitoring and Follow-Up Program at Two Free Clinics.

Background: Hypertension affects approximately 1 in 2 adults in the US. Home blood pressure (BP) monitoring programs are effective in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Free clinics serve as an integral safety net for millions of uninsured and economically disadvantaged patients in the US.

The role of applied potential on particle sizing precision in single-entity blocking electrochemistry.

Blocking electrochemistry, a subfield of single-entity electrochemistry, enables in-situ sizing of redox-inactive particles. This method exploits the adsorptive impact of individual insulating particles on a microelectrode, which decreases the electrochemically active surface area of the electrode. Against the background of an electroactive redox reaction in solution, each individual impacting particle results in a discrete current drop, with the magnitude of the drop corresponding to the size of the blocking particle.

Unravelling the analgesic effects of perioperative magnesium in general abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Prior research has established the effectiveness of magnesium in relieving postoperative pain. This article aims to evaluate magnesium sulfate for perioperative analgesia in adults undergoing general abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.

Objective: The primary aim was to assess pain scores at 6 and 24 hours postoperatively in patients receiving magnesium sulfate vs.

Active Pulsatile Gels: From a Chemical Microreactor to a Polymeric Actuator.

We report on a synthesis protocol, experimental characterization, and theoretical modeling of active pulsatile Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) hydrogels. Our two-step synthesis technique allows independent optimization of the geometry, the chemical, and the mechanical properties of BZ gels. We identify the role of the surrounding medium chemistry and gel radius for the occurrence of BZ gel oscillations, quantified by the Damköhler number, which is the ratio of chemical reaction to diffusion rates.

Mitochondrial DNA mutations drive aerobic glycolysis to enhance checkpoint blockade response in melanoma.

The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) encodes essential machinery for oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic homeostasis. Tumor mtDNA is among the most somatically mutated regions of the cancer genome, but whether these mutations impact tumor biology is debated. We engineered truncating mutations of the mtDNA-encoded complex I gene, Mt-Nd5, into several murine models of melanoma.

Immune Modulation with RANKL Blockade through Denosumab Treatment in Patients with Cancer.

Denosumab is a fully human mAb that binds receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL). It is routinely administered to patients with cancer to reduce the incidence of new bone metastasis. RANK-RANKL interactions regulate bone turnover by controlling osteoclast recruitment, development, and activity.

Resting State EEG Variability and Implications for Interpreting Clinical Effect Sizes.

Resting state electroencephalography (rsEEG) is widely used to investigate intrinsic brain activity, with the potential for detecting neurophysiological abnormalities in clinical conditions from neurodegenerative disease to developmental disorders. When interpreting quantitative rsEEG changes, a key question is: how much deviation from a healthy normal brain state indicates a clinically significant change? Here, we build on the existing rsEEG variability literature by quantifying how this baseline rsEEG range can be attributed to common but underinvestigated sources of variability: experiment day, time of day, and pre-recording exercise level. We found that even within individuals, frequency band powers and entropy measures can vary by 7% (sample entropy and relative alpha power) to 28% (absolute delta power).

Deep learning system for true- and pseudo-invasion in colorectal polyps.

Over 15 million colonoscopies were performed yearly in North America, during which biopsies were taken for pathological examination to identify abnormalities. Distinguishing between true- and pseudo-invasion in colon polyps is critical in treatment planning. Surgical resection of the colon is often the treatment option for true invasion, whereas observation is recommended for pseudo-invasion.

A pilot phase Ib study to evaluate tadalafil to overcome immunosuppression during chemoradiotherapy for IDH-wild-type glioblastoma.

Background: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are critical regulators of immunosuppression and radioresistance in glioblastoma (GBM). The primary objective of this pilot phase Ib study was to validate the on-target effect of tadalafil on inhibiting MDSCs in peripheral blood and its safety when combined with chemoradiotherapy in GBM patients.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wild-type GBM received radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) combined with oral tadalafil for 2 months.

Low-Loss Plasmonics with Nanostructured Potassium and Sodium-Potassium Liquid Alloys.

Alkali metals have low optical losses in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) compared with noble metals. However, their high reactivity prohibits the exploration of their optical properties. Recently sodium (Na) has been experimentally demonstrated as a low-loss plasmonic material.

Immunometabolic coevolution defines unique microenvironmental niches in ccRCC.

Tumor cell phenotypes and anti-tumor immune responses are shaped by local metabolite availability, but intratumoral metabolite heterogeneity (IMH) and its phenotypic consequences remain poorly understood. To study IMH, we profiled tumor/normal regions from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. A common pattern of IMH transcended all patients, characterized by correlated fluctuations in the abundance of metabolites and processes associated with ferroptosis.

Breakthrough Symptoms Remain an Unmet Need in Symptomatic Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors and Carcinoid Syndrome.

Objectives: The aims of the study were to assess the effects of breakthrough carcinoid syndrome symptoms on well-being in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients insufficiently controlled on long-acting somatostatin analog (SSA) and to assess patient experience with treatment options, physician communication, and disease information sources.

Methods: This study surveyed US NET patients from 2 online communities, experiencing at least one symptom, by utilizing a 64-item questionnaire.

Results: One hundred patients participated: 73% female, 75% age 56 to 75 years, and 93% White.

Tumour mitochondrial DNA mutations drive aerobic glycolysis to enhance checkpoint blockade.

The mitochondrial genome encodes essential machinery for respiration and metabolic homeostasis but is paradoxically among the most common targets of somatic mutation in the cancer genome, with truncating mutations in respiratory complex I genes being most over-represented. While mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been associated with both improved and worsened prognoses in several tumour lineages, whether these mutations are drivers or exert any functional effect on tumour biology remains controversial. Here we discovered that complex I-encoding mtDNA mutations are sufficient to remodel the tumour immune landscape and therapeutic resistance to immune checkpoint blockade.

Clinical Frailty Scale is a better predictor for adverse post-operative complications and functional outcomes than Modified Frailty Index and Charlson Comorbidity Index after total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: Studies have demonstrated correlations between frailty and comorbidity scores with adverse outcomes in total knee replacement (TKR). However, there is a lack of consensus on the most suitable pre-operative assessment tool. This study aims to compare Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Modified Frailty Index (MFI), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) in predicting adverse post-operative complications and functional outcomes following a unilateral TKR.

High-Quality Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Large-Area Sodium Nanostructures.

Sodium (Na) is predicted to be an ideal plasmonic material with ultralow optical loss across visible to near-infrared (NIR). However, there has been limited research on Na plasmonics. Here we develop a scalable fabrication method for Na nanostructures by combining phase-shift photolithography and a thermo-assisted spin-coating process.

Modulation of myeloid and T cells in vivo by Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: In preclinical studies of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), ibrutinib improved the antitumor efficacy of the standard of care chemotherapy. This led to a phase 1b clinical trial to determine the safety, tolerability, and immunologic effects of ibrutinib treatment in patients with advanced PDAC.

Methods: Previously untreated patients with PDAC were enrolled in a phase 1b clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.