IN VIVO CELL-TYPE AND BRAIN REGION CLASSIFICATION VIA MULTIMODAL CONTRASTIVE LEARNING.

Current electrophysiological approaches can track the activity of many neurons, yet it is usually unknown which cell-types or brain areas are being recorded without further molecular or histological analysis. Developing accurate and scalable algorithms for identifying the cell-type and brain region of recorded neurons is thus crucial for improving our understanding of neural computation. In this work, we develop a multimodal contrastive learning approach for neural data that can be fine-tuned for different downstream tasks, including inference of cell-type and brain location.

Evening dosing versus morning dosing of antihypertensive medications for nocturnal hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 107 randomized controlled trials.

Since the effects of once-daily antihypertensive (HT) medications are more pronounced within the first few hours of ingestion, evening administration of anti-HT medications can be a feasible treatment for nocturnal HT. However, no relevant meta-analysis has been conducted in patients with nocturnal HT. This meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials involving patients with elevated mean nocturnal blood pressure (BP) and compared evening anti-HT administration with morning administration.

Type 2 diabetes associated with areca nut usage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims/hypothesis: This study aimed to evaluate the potential association between chewing areca nuts and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes and to investigate whether chewing status (current chewers or ex-chewers) affects this association.

Methods: We searched The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE databases for relevant studies up to May 21, 2023, using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three population-based studies conducted in Taiwan were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.

Risk of Dementia Among Patients With Diabetes in a Multidisciplinary, Primary Care Management Program.

Importance: Although poorly controlled diabetes is associated with a higher incidence of dementia, few studies have examined the association of diabetes management interventions with dementia incidence.

Objective: To examine the association of receiving a multidisciplinary diabetes management program (the Risk Assessment and Management Program-Diabetes Mellitus [RAMP-DM]) that enables better glycemic control with subsequent risk of dementia incidence and the association of dementia with glycemic control.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This territory-wide, retrospective, matched cohort study with more than 8 years of follow-up was conducted using electronic health care records from all the patients who used public health care services in Hong Kong from 2011 to 2019.

Differential Associations of GAD Antibodies (GADA) and C-Peptide With Insulin Initiation, Glycemic Responses, and Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: We examined the associations of GAD antibodies (GADA) and C-peptide (CP) with insulin initiation, glycemic responses, and severe hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research Design And Methods: In 5,230 Chinese patients (47.6% men) with T2D (mean ± SD age: 56.

THA with Use of Patient-Specific Resurfacing Jigs and a Novel Customized Implant Design.

»: Conventional total hip arthroplasty (THA) largely remains an unguided procedure dependent on the ability and experience of the surgeon. New technologies, such as patient-specific instrumentation and robotics, have shown promising results in improving implant positioning, which has the potential to improve patient outcomes.

»: The use of off-the-shelf (OTS) implant designs, however, limits the success of the technological advances since they are unable to recreate the native anatomy of the joint.

Safety, Feasibility, and Acceptability of Telemedicine for Hypertension in Primary Care: A Proof-of-concept and Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (SATE-HT).

Hypertension (HT) continues to be a leading cause of cardiovascular death and an enormous burden on the healthcare system. Although telemedicine may provide improved blood pressure (BP) monitoring and control, it remains unclear whether it could replace face-to-face consultations in patients with optimal BP control. We hypothesized that an automatic drug refill coupled with a telemedicine system tailored to patients with optimal BP would lead to non-inferior BP control.

Factors associated with physical activity promotion efforts in individuals with chronic diseases: A systematic review from the perspective of patients.

Objectives: To determine factors associated with healthcare provider physical activity (PA) promotion in individuals with chronic diseases from the perspective of patients.

Methods: A systematic review of literature was conducted between March and April 2022 by searching five databases. Studies were included if they used survey data, published in English or Chinese, and investigated factors influencing healthcare provider PA promotion in chronic diseases from the perspective of adult patients.

Barriers and Determinants to the Underutilized Hypertension Screening in Primary Care Patients in Hong Kong: A Mixed-Method Study.

(1) Background: Hypertension (HT) is the most common chronic condition, affecting approximately 1.13 billion people worldwide. Despite freely available blood pressure (BP) devices in primary care (PC) clinics, many patients do not regularly screen for HT and are untreated.

A Standardized Nonvisual Behavioral Event Is Broadcasted Homogeneously across Cortical Visual Areas without Modulating Visual Responses.

Multiple recent studies have shown that motor activity greatly impacts the activity of primary sensory areas like V1. Yet, the role of this motor related activity in sensory processing is still unclear. Here, we dissect how these behavior signals are broadcast to different layers and areas of the visual cortex.

A whole-brain monosynaptic input connectome to neuron classes in mouse visual cortex.

Identification of structural connections between neurons is a prerequisite to understanding brain function. Here we developed a pipeline to systematically map brain-wide monosynaptic input connections to genetically defined neuronal populations using an optimized rabies tracing system. We used mouse visual cortex as the exemplar system and revealed quantitative target-specific, layer-specific and cell-class-specific differences in its presynaptic connectomes.

Comparing effect of definition of diurnal periods by diary, fixed periods, and actigraphy on ambulatory blood pressure parameters in a Chinese population.

Background: Reliable measurement of daytime and night-time blood pressure (BP), and degree of BP dipping during sleep during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) requires an accurate definition of sleep time (diurnal definition). However, superiority of any diurnal definition on ABPM remains unclear. The present study compared mean daytime and night-time SBP and DBP using different methods for diurnal definition: patient's diary, wide-defined and narrow-defined fixed periods, and actigraphy, in a Chinese population with diagnosed essential hypertension.

Association of positive and adverse childhood experiences with risky behaviours and mental health indicators among Chinese university students in Hong Kong: an exploratory study.

Background: Different childhood experiences may affect adult health differently.

Objective: To explore the association of different types of positive childhood experiences(PCEs) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with risky behaviours and mental health indicators, andhow PCEs and ACEs are associated with health outcomes in the context of each other.

Method: This was an exploratory cross-sectional online survey including 332 university students in Hong Kong.

Controlled-release oral melatonin supplementation for hypertension and nocturnal hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Oral melatonin is a potential alternative treatment for hypertension and nocturnal hypertension. However, high-quality and relevant meta-analyses are lacking. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether oral melatonin supplementation reduces daytime/asleep blood pressure and cardiovascular risk, improves sleep quality, and is well-tolerated compared with placebo.

Measuring Stimulus-Evoked Neurophysiological Differentiation in Distinct Populations of Neurons in Mouse Visual Cortex.

Despite significant progress in understanding neural coding, it remains unclear how the coordinated activity of large populations of neurons relates to what an observer actually perceives. Since neurophysiological differences must underlie differences among percepts, -quantifying distinct patterns of neurophysiological activity-has been proposed as an "inside-out" approach that addresses this question. This methodology contrasts with "outside-in" approaches such as feature tuning and decoding analyses, which are defined in terms of extrinsic experimental variables.

Provision of physical activity advice for patients with chronic diseases in Shenzhen, China.

Background: Physical activity (PA) may best be promoted to patients during clinical consultations. Few studies investigated the practice of PA advice given by physicians, especially in China. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and contents of PA advice given by physicians in China and its association with patients' characteristics.

Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the potential factors associated with mental health outcomes among Chinese adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.

Methods: This is an online cross-sectional survey conducted among Chinese adults in February 2020. Outcome measurements included the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3), two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-2), and two items from the Clinician-Administered Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale.

The role of body mass index in the association between dietary sodium intake and blood pressure: A mediation analysis with NHANES.

Background And Aims: Recent research demonstrated that obesity and high dietary sodium intake, the two established risk factors for hypertension, were associated with each other. The objective was to investigate the potential indirect effect of sodium intake on blood pressure via body mass index (BMI).

Methods And Results: Using ten years data from US NHANES (2007-2016), the study included adult participants (>20 years old) who were not taking antihypertensive medications and without baseline diseases (n = 12,262).

Early toxicities of ultrahypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy for intermediate risk localized prostate cancer using cone-beam computed tomography and real-time three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound monitoring.

Purpose: Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) is central to the safe and effective delivery of ultrahypofractionated (UF) stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for localized prostate cancer. However, the optimal IGRT modality remains uncertain. We aim to study the safety of performing UF-SBRT using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and real-time transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) monitoring.

Effectiveness of a mindfulness intervention for older adults to improve emotional well-being and cognitive function in a Chinese population: A randomized waitlist-controlled trial.

Background: To investigate the effect of a modified mindfulness-based stress reduction (mMBSR) program on mental well-being and cognitive function of older adults.

Method: Two hundred and fourty-six participants were randomly assigned to mMBSR (n = 120) group or waitlist control group which received mMBSR at 2-month (n = 123). Data collected at baseline, 2 and 4 months after recruitment.

Non-linear dimensionality reduction on extracellular waveforms reveals cell type diversity in premotor cortex.

Cortical circuits are thought to contain a large number of cell types that coordinate to produce behavior. Current in vivo methods rely on clustering of specified features of extracellular waveforms to identify putative cell types, but these capture only a small amount of variation. Here, we develop a new method () that combines non-linear dimensionality reduction with graph clustering to identify putative cell types.

Prevalence and determinants of potentially inappropriate medication use in Hong Kong older patients: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in Hong Kong older patients visiting general outpatient clinics (GOPCs) between 2006 and 2014 and to identify factors associated with PIM use among older adults visiting GOPCs in 2014.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: GOPC.

Hong Kong Urological Association-Hong Kong Society of Uro-Oncology consensus statements on the management of advanced prostate cancer-2019 Updates.

Background: To update the Hong Kong Urological Association-Hong Kong Society of Uro-Oncology consensus statements on the management of advanced prostate cancer, the same panelists as in the previous consensus panel held a series of meetings to discuss updated clinical evidence and experiences.

Methods: The previous consensus statements were retained, deleted, or revised, and new statements were added. At the final meeting, all statements were reviewed and amended as appropriate, followed by panel voting.