Publications by authors named "Eric Janssen"

Introduction: This study aims to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with cigarette smoking among patients in treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) in France.

Methods: We analyze a nation-wide dataset retrieving information on patients entering treatment for alcohol, opioid and stimulant use disorders between 2010 and 2020. We conduct multilevel Poisson regressions to determine the main factors associated with daily cigarette smoking among all patients who entered treatment for alcohol (n=607122), opioid (n=283381) or stimulant (n=57189) use disorders, and zero-truncated negative-binomial regressions to predict the average number of cigarettes per day.

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Objective: To study the prevalence of alcohol use among French adolescents over time and factors associated with heavy episodic drinking (HED) among drinkers.

Method: Our analysis relies on six waves of a standardized cross, sectional survey conducted in mainland France between 2005 and 2022. The overall sample size comprises 179905 adolescents aged 17 (90166 males and 89739 females).

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Background: Consistent reports from health professionals suggest that heroin is commonly used by patients undergoing opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in France, potentially jeopardizing their recovery process. However, there has been no formal epidemiological assessment on the matter.

Methods: We use a yearly updated compendium retrieving information on patients admitted in treatment centres in France between 2010 and 2020.

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: Polydrug use has been implicated in driving a "fourth wave" of the overdose crisis in North America, specifically through concurrent use of stimulants and opioids, especially fentanyl. In France, however, heroin has historically been and remains the easiest-to-access opioid, accounting for most drug treatment demand. Whether similar polydrug use is increasing in Western Europe remains understudied, despite severe health implications and potential inadequate public health responses.

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Background: The DNA metabarcoding approach has become one of the most used techniques to study the taxa composition of various sample types. To deal with the high amount of data generated by the high-throughput sequencing process, a bioinformatics workflow is required and the QIIME2 platform has emerged as one of the most reliable and commonly used. However, only some pre-formatted reference databases dedicated to a few barcode sequences are available to assign taxonomy.

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Purpose: Studies of adolescent e-cigarette use infrequently consider how environmental effects impact use. Adolescent e-cigarette use in France is also understudied, yet an important contrast since e-cigarette use rarely precedes conventional tobacco use and daily tobacco use is common. We examine whether there is significant variation in e-cigarette use across the geographic unit of départements (n = 95), and whether community factors explain these differences and individual-level probabilities of e-cigarette use.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The text discusses the rising issue of illegal imports of ornamental transgenic fish in Europe, which are modified to exhibit fluorescent colors under UV light.
  • - The authors propose real-time PCR methods to effectively detect these fish in different fluorescent colors, successfully testing them in two European countries.
  • - The article also examines practical information for routine analysis, introduces a PCR test for general fish DNA, and explores fluorescence microscopy as a quicker screening method for suspect fish.
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  • The study highlights a significant increase in crack cocaine users in France, with treatment center data showing a rise from 3,388 users in 2010 to 5,143 in 2017, suggesting that the actual number of users has tripled during this period.
  • Utilizing a sophisticated statistical method to estimate user numbers, the researchers found that while the prevalence of crack cocaine use remains low (below 1‰), there are notable underestimations among females and younger users.
  • The findings indicate a need for public health policies to adapt and address the diverse profiles of crack cocaine users, suggesting that a broader and more inclusive approach is essential for effective prevention and treatment.
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Background: This paper studies the evolution of transitions from first cigarette use to daily use by socioeconomic status (SES) among French adolescents over the course of 17 years, in a context of decreasing prevalence of tobacco use.

Methods: A total of 182 266 adolescents participated in the nationally representative ESCAPAD survey at nine different time points between 2000 and 2017. Discrete time-event analysis was used to model the transition to daily cigarette use as a function of SES, gender, age at onset and the use of other psychoactive substances.

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Background: The increasing use of doping by youth is a growing public health concern. The present study aimed to calculate robust estimates of the prevalence of doping among French high school students and study factors related to the use of licit vs. banned agents.

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This exploratory analysis of time-series cross-sectional data provides insights on trends in age at first injection among people who inject drugs in France, and on associations with recent risky injecting behaviors. Data were collected from a national survey conducted in harm reduction facilities in five phases between 2006 and 2015. Standardized questionnaires collected information on demographics, substance use, and route of administration, as well as lifetime and past-month injection.

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Little is known about the use of non-medical cognitive enhancers (NCEs) in the general population, and even less among youth. The study utilises a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of adolescents attending high schools to provide a comprehensive overview of NCEs and to assess risk factors such as socio-demographics, schooling, mental health and related substance use among French adolescents. A total of 6692 students attending high school (secondary schools) answered an anonymous questionnaire collecting information on demographics, health, psychoactive substance uses (neuroleptics, tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, illicit substances) and patterns of sociability.

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Background: Screen-based media overuse has been related to harmful consequences especially among children and adolescents. Given their complex interrelationships, predictors of screen time (ST) should be analyzed simultaneously rather than individually to avoid incomplete conclusions.

Methods: Structural equation models were conducted to examine associations between media ST (television, video games, and computers) along with harmful consequences in adolescents' well-being, such as underweight and overweight, depression, and school failure.

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Article Synopsis
  • This article introduces a new method to estimate the number of injecting drug users (IDU) in France through a unique survey conducted in treatment centers, avoiding legal issues with traditional data collection.
  • The analysis from 2014 estimates about 103,800 IDUs in France, showing a male-to-female ratio of 3 to 1 and highlighting that young adults are less likely to use injections regularly.
  • The findings indicate that the number of IDUs has remained stable since 2006, with a diverse range of substances being used, which suggests that prevention efforts need to adapt to these changes and emphasize ongoing monitoring of IDU patterns.
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  • Scientists are developing a new method to detect genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by focusing on the cry1Ab and cry1Ac genes using real-time PCR and pyrosequencing.
  • This new method is more specific and robust than existing techniques, allowing for clearer results and detecting a broader range of GM events.
  • Pyrosequencing helps to analyze the sequences more accurately and can effectively determine sequences even with low levels of GM content, although accuracy decreases with fewer copies of the target gene.*
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Background: An updated prevalence estimate for heroin users in France is lacking. Accurate figures are needed to estimate the potential need for treatment.

Method: This research relies on a capture-recapture framework and, for the first time, makes use of individual data collected by a standardized survey conducted within treatment centers.

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  • The study investigates factors influencing heroin pricing in France amidst increasing availability and use, focusing on quantity discounts and purity levels while considering geographical differences.
  • It uses data collected from seven urban areas in 2011, employing ordinary least squares regression to analyze the relationships between price, quantity, purity, and other factors.
  • Findings reveal that transaction size significantly impacts unit price, with a 10% increase in quantity leading to a 2.3% drop in price, while purity and sociodemographic factors have less influence, highlighting the need for more ethnographic research to understand local markets.*
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Background: Since their first commercialization, the diversity of taxa and the genetic composition of transgene sequences in genetically modified plants (GMOs) are constantly increasing. To date, the detection of GMOs and derived products is commonly performed by PCR-based methods targeting specific DNA sequences introduced into the host genome. Information available regarding the GMOs' molecular characterization is dispersed and not appropriately organized.

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Background: This study investigates the association of the family occupational category (F-OC) with adolescent alcohol use and its potential variation according to the frequency of use.

Methods: A national survey representative of adolescents aged 17 living in continental France conducted in 2005 (n = 29,393). Three outcomes were considered: overall use describes the drinking status (lifetime abstinence, use before the month prior the survey, use in the month prior the survey) without considering the frequency of use; last month use and binge drinking detail the frequency of use (1-5 uses, 6-9, 10-19 and 20+ uses) and of binge drinking (0, 1-2, 3-5, 6+ episodes of 5+ glasses in a single occasion) of the previous month users.

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Compared with other European countries, France's low number of drug use-related deaths may appear enviable. Previous studies have suggested significant underreporting. The three official records listing drug-related deaths in France in 2007 were cross-checked.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates how family socio-economic status (F-SES) and school conditions influence the initiation and daily use of tobacco and cannabis among teenagers.
  • Conducted in 2005, the research involved a nationwide survey of 29,393 French teenagers aged 17, analyzing various socio-economic factors and drug use patterns.
  • Results indicate that while the likelihood of trying tobacco is similar across all F-SES categories, lower socio-economic groups have a higher risk of moving to daily use; conversely, higher F-SES teens are more likely to experiment with drugs but less likely to use them daily, suggesting that school performance and achievement may play a role in this transition.
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Five double-target multiplex plasmids to be used as calibrants for GMO quantification were constructed. They were composed of two modified targets associated in tandem in the same plasmid: (1) a part of the soybean lectin gene and (2) a part of the transgenic construction of the GTS40-3-2 event. Modifications were performed in such a way that each target could be amplified with the same primers as those for the original target from which they were derived but such that each was specifically detected with an appropriate probe.

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Article Synopsis
  • Research indicates that cannabis use is linked to higher dropout rates in schools, with variations based on the age of first use and progression to daily use.* -
  • The study analyzed data from 29,393 teenagers, revealing that moving to daily cannabis use before age 14 significantly raises dropout odds, especially for girls.* -
  • Early cannabis use generally doesn't cause grade repetition but its impact on school performance depends on use level, highlighting the need to explore peer influences better.*
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