Loss of Grhl3 is correlated with altered cellular protrusions in the non-neural ectoderm during neural tube closure.

Background: The transcription factor Grainyhead-like 3 (GRHL3) has multiple roles in a variety of tissues during development including epithelial patterning and actin cytoskeletal regulation. During neural tube closure (NTC) in the mouse embryo, GRHL3 is expressed and functions in the non-neural ectoderm (NNE). Two important functions of GRHL3 are regulating the actin cytoskeleton during NTC and regulating the boundary between the NNE and neural ectoderm.

Case Report: Diffuse T wave inversions as initial electrocardiographic evidence in acute pulmonary embolism.

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition and is typically diagnosed by a combination of symptoms, clinical signs and imaging. Electrocardiogram may be helpful in diagnosis, and the most widely described pattern of occurrence is the so-called S Q T pattern. Here, we describe the case of an African-American male who presented with typical chest pain, diffuse T wave inversions with serial troponin elevation.

Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus associated with esophagitis dissecans superficialis.

Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus is one of the rare autoantibody mediated skin manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) demonstrating subepidermal blistering with neutrophilic infiltrate histologically. We present a case of a 40-year-old Hispanic female who presented with a several months' history of multiple blistering pruritic skin lesions involving the face and trunk, a photosensitive rash over the face and neck, swelling of the right neck lymph node, and joint pain involving her elbows and wrist. Her malady was diagnosed as bullous systemic lupus erythematosus based on the immunological workup and biopsy of her skin lesions.

Spontaneous iliopsoas haematoma: a complication of hypertensive urgency.

Iliopsoas haematoma is a rare clinical entity which can be life threatening in extreme cases. We are reporting a case of iliopsoas haematoma as a complication of hypertensive urgency. A 67-year old woman presented to emergency room with hypertensive urgency and hip pain.

Influenza A(H7N9) virus gains neuraminidase inhibitor resistance without loss of in vivo virulence or transmissibility.

Without baseline human immunity to the emergent avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, neuraminidase inhibitors are vital for controlling viral replication in severe infections. An amino acid change in the viral neuraminidase associated with drug resistance, NA-R292K (N2 numbering), has been found in some H7N9 clinical isolates. Here we assess the impact of the NA-R292K substitution on antiviral sensitivity and viral replication, pathogenicity and transmissibility of H7N9 viruses.

Klippel-trenaunay syndrome: an often overlooked risk factor for venous thromboembolic disease.

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a congenital condition redefined by Oduber et al (2008) by the coexistence of vascular malformations and disturbed soft tissue or bony growth, including hypertrophy or hypotrophy in the same or opposite sides of the body. The anomalies may involve part of a limb, a whole limb, a limb girdle, or a hemibody. Vascular malformations may involve veins, capillaries, or lymphatics although venous or capillary malformations are essential for the diagnosis.

Not every recurrent pelvic mass in a female is a leiomyoma.

Desmoid tumors are rare neoplasms. They occur mostly in females in their reproductive age and may present with pelvic pain and intestinal obstruction. These connective tissue neoplasms are because of uncontrolled proliferation of differentiated myofibroblasts.

An obscure case of hepatic subcapsular hematoma.

Spontaneous liver bleeding is often reported in preeclampsia. It is otherwise rare and has been linked to gross anatomical lesions and coagulopathy. We report a case of subcapsular hematoma of the liver without any apparent lesion and in the absence of coagulopathy.

Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia associated with uterine leiomyomata.

Objective: We report a case of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) in a patient with large leiomyomata.

Methods: We present the clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings of a diabetic patient who presented with recurrent hypoglycemia later linked to uterine leiomyomata.

Results: An 80-year-old woman with diabetes was admitted after falling at home.

G6b-B cell surface inhibitory receptor expression is highly restricted to CD4+ T-cells and induced by interleukin-4-activated STAT6 pathway.

The G6b-B gene encodes a novel cell surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily that activates inhibitory signaling pathways by triggering SHP-1/SHP-2 via immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM) in its cytoplasmic domain. We previously identified decreased G6b-B expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) during acute cellular cardiac allograft rejection. We studied the expression of G6b-B in different human mononuclear cell populations and its regulation.

Endothelial cell culture: beginnings of modern vascular biology.

Endothelial cells derived from human umbilical veins were first successfully cultured in vitro in 1973. Weibel-Palade bodies and the von Willebrand factor antigen were used as morphological, immunohistochemical, and functional markers to unequivocally identify the cells. These landmark studies helped initiate the growth of modern vascular biology.