Risk of adverse events after Omicron XBB-adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in the United States.

Background: Limited data exists regarding the safety of the COVID-19 2023-2024 vaccine formulations and whether the safety profiles differ from the original formulations. We evaluated the association between the BNT162b2 XBB COVID-19 vaccine and the risk of 20 pre-specified adverse events of special interest (AESIs).

Methods: We identified commercially-insured individuals in the US age ≥ 6 months who received the BNT162b2 XBB COVID-19 vaccine between September 11, 2023 and January 15, 2024 within the Optum pre-adjudicated database.

Evaluating Large Language Models in extracting cognitive exam dates and scores.

Ensuring reliability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in clinical tasks is crucial. Our study assesses two state-of-the-art LLMs (ChatGPT and LlaMA-2) for extracting clinical information, focusing on cognitive tests like MMSE and CDR. Our data consisted of 135,307 clinical notes (Jan 12th, 2010 to May 24th, 2023) mentioning MMSE, CDR, or MoCA.

A study of the relative orientation of the extraocular rectus muscles: an advanced cadaveric approach.

The anatomy of the extraocular rectus muscle insertions is clinically relevant in the field of ophthalmology. This descriptive cadaveric study determines the relative degree orientation of the superior, lateral, and inferior rectus muscles with respect to the medial rectus and investigates the distances between the rectus muscle insertions. Thirty cadavers (50% female, mean age = 81.

The Spiral of Tillaux: dead on accurate; a cadaveric study.

Introduction: The Spiral of Tillaux describes the historically accepted insertion distances of the medial rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, and superior rectus from the limbus: 5.5 mm, 6.5 mm, 6.

Evaluating Large Language Models in Extracting Cognitive Exam Dates and Scores.

Importance: Large language models (LLMs) are crucial for medical tasks. Ensuring their reliability is vital to avoid false results. Our study assesses two state-of-the-art LLMs (ChatGPT and LlaMA-2) for extracting clinical information, focusing on cognitive tests like MMSE and CDR.

The forgotten protection factor: A nationwide score-based assessment of motorcycle eye protection legislation.

Introduction: Motorcycle accidents cause millions of deaths and injuries globally. It is estimated that billions of dollars would be saved in the United States alone if safety equipment, such as helmets and eye protection, was ubiquitously worn. Legislation concerning eye protection specifically is understudied and poorly characterized.

Analysis of Uveal Melanoma 5-Year Survival Rates by Medicaid Status: A Nationwide Analysis.

Purpose: The survival outcomes of patients with primary uveal melanomas based on Medicaid status have not been previously discussed in the literature.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicaid database were utilized to identify patients with primary uveal melanomas diagnosed between 2006 and 2013. The Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to construct 5-year survival curves in adult, non-elderly patients.

Unsatisfactory Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Colorectal Cancer Screening: Prevalence, Reasons, and Subsequent Testing.

Background: Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is an effective colorectal cancer screening modality. Little is known about prevalence, reasons, and testing after unsatisfactory FIT, or a FIT that cannot be processed by the laboratory due to inadequate stool specimen or incomplete labeling.

Methods: Our retrospective cohort study examined unsatisfactory FIT among average-risk individuals aged 50-74 years in a large, integrated, safety-net health system who completed an index FIT from 2010 to 2019.

Improving Colorectal Cancer Screening in a Regional Safety-Net Health System over a 10-Year Period: Lessons for Population Health.

Background: Despite national policy efforts to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, rates in vulnerable populations remain suboptimal. Many types of interventions have been employed, but their impact on improving population-level rates of CRC screening over time is uncertain.

Objective: Assess the impact of 10 years of different in-reach and outreach strategies to improve CRC screening and identify factors associated with being screen up-to-date (SUTD).

The epidemiology of crib-related head injuries: A ten-year nationwide analysis.

Introduction: Falls from cribs resulting in head injury are understudied and poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to advance current understanding of the prevalence, descriptive characteristics of injury victims, and the types of crib fall-related head injuries (CFHI) using queried patient cases from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database.

Methods: Using the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's System NEISS database, we queried all CFHIs among children from over 100 emergency departments (EDs).

Disparities in Primary Spinal Osseous Malignant Bone Tumor Survival by Medicaid Status: A National Population-Based Risk Analysis.

Background: The impact of Medicaid status on survival outcomes of patients with spinal primary malignant bone tumors (sPMBT) has not been investigated.

Methods: Using the SEER-Medicaid database, adults diagnosed between 2006 and 2013 with sPMBT including chordoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, or malignant giant cell tumor (GCT) were studied. Five-year survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Prediction of on-target and off-target activity of CRISPR-Cas13d guide RNAs using deep learning.

Transcriptome engineering applications in living cells with RNA-targeting CRISPR effectors depend on accurate prediction of on-target activity and off-target avoidance. Here we design and test ~200,000 RfxCas13d guide RNAs targeting essential genes in human cells with systematically designed mismatches and insertions and deletions (indels). We find that mismatches and indels have a position- and context-dependent impact on Cas13d activity, and mismatches that result in G-U wobble pairings are better tolerated than other single-base mismatches.

Clinical outcomes: endoscopic resection of duodenal ampullary lesions.

Background: Ampullary adenomas are lesions at the duodenum's major papilla commonly associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) but may also occur sporadically. Historically, ampullary adenomas were removed surgically, however endoscopic resection has become the preferred method of resection. Most of the literature on management of ampullary adenomas are small single-center retrospective reviews.

Incidence and clinical features of pediatric ocular trauma in a population-based cohort.

Purpose: To report the incidence and clinical characteristics of pediatric ocular and adnexal injuries diagnosed over a 10-year period in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective, population-based cohort study included all patients <19 years of age in Olmsted County diagnosed with ocular or adnexal injuries from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2009.

Results: A total of 740 ocular or adnexal injuries occurred during the study period, yielding an incidence of 203 (95% CI, 189-218) per 100,000 children.

Pediatric all-terrain vehicle (ATV) related head injury rates and patterns: A 10-year nationwide analysis.

Introduction: The use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) carries significant risk of permanent injury and death, disproportionately affecting children. These injuries commonly affect the head and are especially severe among children as they are often unhelmeted and more likely than adults to experience rollover injuries. Many studies examining patients with ATV-related injuries are single-center cohort studies, with few focusing specifically on head injuries.

Disparities in primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma survival by Medicaid-status: A national population-based risk analysis.

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) has one of the highest mortality rates among all malignancies. While previous research has analyzed socioeconomic factors' effect on PAC survival, outcomes of Medicaid patients are understudied.

Methods: Using the SEER-Medicaid database, we studied non-elderly, adult patients with primary PAC diagnosed between 2006 and 2013.

Impact of individual counseling on the knowledge and attitudes of type 2 diabetics regarding diabetic retinopathy: The Aditya Jyot Diabetic Retinopathy in Urban Mumbai Slums Study - Report 3.

Purpose: Baseline knowledge and attitudes regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR) have not been previously reported for type 2 diabetes mellitus adults (T2DM) in Dharavi, one of the largest slums in Mumbai. Furthermore, a pre- and post-intervention survey study regarding this topic has not been conducted to date in Dharavi. This pre- and post-intervention survey study analyzes the impacts of DR counseling sessions administered individually on the knowledge and attitudes of T2DM participants recruited from Dharavi.

The burden of unhelmeted motorcycle injury: A nationwide scoring-based analysis of helmet safety legislation.

Introduction: Motorcycle collisions comprise a large portion of motor vehicle injuries and fatalities with over 80,000 injuries and 5,500 fatalities per year in the United States. Unhelmeted riders have poor medical outcomes and generate billions in costs. Despite helmet use having been shown to lower the risk of neurological injury and death, helmet compliance is not universal, and legislation concerning helmet use also varies widely across the United States.

Disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma survival by Medicaid-status: A national population-based risk analysis.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated disparities in survival surrounding hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) across a variety of socio-demographic factors; however, the relationship between Medicaid-status and HCC survival is poorly understood.

Methods: We constructed 5-year, disease-specific survival curves using the Kaplan-Meier method and performed an adjusted survival analysis using multivariate Cox-proportional hazard regression.

Results: We analyzed 17,059 non-elderly patients (12,194 non-Medicaid, 4875 Medicaid) diagnosed between 2006 and 2013 and found that Medicaid status was not associated with higher risk of diseases-specific death compared to other insurance types (p = .

Provider beliefs in effectiveness and recommendations for primary HPV testing in 3 health-care systems.

In 2018, the US Preventive Services Task Force endorsed primary human papillomavirus testing (pHPV) for cervical cancer screening. We aimed to describe providers' beliefs about pHPV testing effectiveness and which screening approach they regularly recommend. We invited providers who performed 10 or more cervical cancer screens in 2019 in 3 healthcare systems that had not adopted pHPV testing: Kaiser Permanente Washington, Mass General Brigham, and Parkland Health; 53.

Motorcycle-Associated Ocular Injuries: A Narrative Review.

Purpose: Motorcycle-related injuries involving the eye and orbit are not well characterized, with a paucity of prospective studies focusing specifically on motorcycle-associated eye injuries nor literature reviews having been conducted on the subject. To better understand the injury types and descriptive characteristics of patients experiencing motorcycle-associated eye injuries, we sought to conduct a narrative review.

Methods: The research team utilized the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to query for English articles from peer-reviewed journals that provided some patient data regarding eye injury due to motorcycle or moped accidents or usage.