Near work symptoms and measures of accommodation in children.

Clinical Relevance: Some children experience significant symptoms while doing near work, and accommodative deficits can be a contributory factor. However, studies investigating near work symptoms in children are sparse.

Background: To investigate the association between clinical and objective measures of accommodation and near point symptoms.

Effectiveness of vergence/accommodative therapy for accommodative dysfunction in children with convergence insufficiency.

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy for improving accommodative amplitude and accommodative facility in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency and accommodative dysfunction.

Methods: We report changes in accommodative function following therapy among participants in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading Trial with decreased accommodative amplitude (115 participants in vergence/accommodative therapy; 65 in placebo therapy) or decreased accommodative facility (71 participants in vergence/accommodative therapy; 37 in placebo therapy) at baseline. The primary analysis compared mean change in amplitude and facility between the vergence/accommodative and placebo therapy groups using analyses of variance models after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of treatment.

Validity and reliability of the revised convergence insufficiency symptom survey in adults.

Purpose: To assess the validity and reliability of the revised Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) in adults aged 19-30 years. The CISS was developed to be the primary outcome measure for studies evaluating various treatments for convergence insufficiency (CI).

Methods: CISS mean scores from adults with symptomatic CI and adults with normal binocular vision (NBV) were compared to assess the survey's validity.

Validity and reliability of the revised convergence insufficiency symptom survey in children aged 9 to 18 years.

Purpose: To assess the validity and reliability of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) in children aged 9 to 18 years. The CISS is the primary outcome measure for a pilot study evaluating two different treatments for convergence insufficiency (CI).

Methods: Children with CI were given the CISS twice to assess reliability.