Chemical restraint and injectable anesthesia of ruminants.

The ketamine stun technique provides enhanced patient cooperation when compared with more traditional injectable chemical restraint cocktails. Depending on the dose and route of administration, the ketamine stun also provides a variable degree of systemic analgesia. The ketamine stun technique has been shown to reduce the stress response to castration and dehorning in calves.

Chemical restraint, anesthesia, and analgesia for camelids.

This article covers techniques used to provide chemical restraint, injectable or inhalation anesthesia, and analgesia in camelid patients. Understanding the information presented improves safety and efficacy when using the techniques presented in the article. This article focuses primarily on llama and alpaca patients.

Kinetics of inhibition of purified bovine neutrophil matrix metalloproteinase 9 by low-molecular-weight inhibitors.

Objective: To measure the effects of lowmolecular-weight inhibitors on the activity of bovine neutrophil matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9).

Sample Population: Bovine MMP-9 purified from bovine neutrophilconditioned medium.

Procedures: Neutrophils were degranulated by stimulation with phorbol ester.

Ruminant field anesthesia.

Ruminants can be safely anesthetized in a field setting. The higher level of analgesia provided by anesthesia eliminates the need for local anesthetic blockade, which can prove useful when a procedure is expected to produce a substantial level of pain or local anesthetic blockade is not feasible. Certain aspects of anesthesia place the patient at greater risk than chemical restraint techniques.

Chemical restraint in ruminants.

Physical restraint is generally required when working with food animal patients. Adding a degree of chemical restraint can make many procedures more pleasant for both practitioner and patient. The enhanced level of patient cooperation improves efficiency, offsetting the modest additional cost of the drugs used.

Early laminar events involving endothelial activation in horses with black walnut- induced laminitis.

Objective: To determine proinflammatory gene expression, endothelial adhesion molecule gene expression, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) concentrations in laminar specimens at 1.5 hours after administration of black walnut extract (BWE) and to compare these values with later time points.

Animals: 25 horses.

Biochemical and enzymatic characterization of purified covalent complexes of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and haptoglobin released by bovine granulocytes in vitro.

Objective: To characterize and purify covalent complexes of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and haptoglobin released by bovine granulocytes in vitro.

Sample Population: Blood samples obtained from healthy cows and cows with acute and chronic inflammation to obtain WBCs and sera.

Procedures: WBCs were isolated by differential centrifugation, hypotonic lysis of RBCs, and degranulated by stimulation with phorbol ester (20 ng/mL).

Pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of hepatic veins during variable hemodynamic states in healthy anesthetized dogs.

Objectives: To quantify direction and velocity of blood flow in hepatic veins in dogs under different hemodynamic conditions by use of pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography.

Animals: 10 healthy dogs.

Procedure: Dogs were anesthetized, and venous flow velocities in the quadrate lobe were measured.